Key clinical benefits of neuroimaging at 7 T

Abstract

The growing interest in ultra-high field MRI, with more than 35.000 MR examinations already performed at 7T, is related to improved clinical results with regard to morphological as well as functional and metabolic capabilities. Since the signal-to-noise ratio increases with the field strength of the MR scanner, the most evident application at 7T is to gain higher spatial resolution in the brain compared to 3T. Of specific clinical interest for neuro applications is the cerebral cortex at 7T, for the detection of changes in cortical structure, like the visualization of cortical microinfarcts and cortical plaques in Multiple Sclerosis. In imaging of the hippocampus, even subfields of the internal hippocampal anatomy and pathology may be visualized with excellent spatial resolution. Using Susceptibility Weighted Imaging, the plaque-vessel relationship and iron accumulations in Multiple Sclerosis can be visualized, which may provide a prognostic factor of disease. Vascular imaging is a highly promising field for 7T which is dealt with in a separate dedicated article in this special issue. The static and dynamic blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast also increases with the field strength, which significantly improves the accuracy of pre-surgical evaluation of vital brain areas before tumor removal. Improvement in acquisition and hardware technology have also resulted in an increasing number of MR spectroscopic imaging studies in patients at 7T. More recent parallel imaging and short-TR acquisition approaches have overcome the limitations of scan time and spatial resolution, thereby allowing imaging matrix sizes of up to 128×128. The benefits of these acquisition approaches for investigation of brain tumors and Multiple Sclerosis have been shown recently. Together, these possibilities demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of conducting routine diagnostic imaging and clinical research at 7T.

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85. 85.

    Madan N, Grant PE. New directions in clinical imaging of cortical dysplasias. Epilepsia. 2009;50(Suppl 9):9-18.

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02292.x

86. 86.

    Mainero C, Louapre C, Govindarajan ST, Gianni C, Nielsen AS, Cohen-Adad J, Sloane J, Kinkel RP. A gradient in cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis by in vivo quantitative 7 T imaging. Brain. 2015;138:932-945.

    Not in our library10.1093/brain/awv011

87. 87.

    Marques JP, Kober T, Krueger G, van der Zwaag W, Van de Moortele PF, Gruetter R. MP2RAGE, a self bias-field corrected sequence for improved segmentation and T1-mapping at high field. NeuroImage. 2010;49:1271-1281.

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88. 88.

    Marrakchi-Kacem L, Vignaud A, Sein J, Germain J, Henry TR, Poupon C, Hertz-Pannier L, Lehericy S, Colliot O, Van de Moortele PF, Chupin M. Robust imaging of hippocampal inner structure at 7T: in vivo acquisition protocol and methodological choices. Magma. 2016;29:475-489.

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89. 89.

    Marsman A, Mandl RC, Klomp DW, Bohlken MM, Boer VO, Andreychenko A, Cahn W, Kahn RS, Luijten PR, Hulshoff Pol HE. GABA and glutamate in schizophrenia: a 7 T (1)H-MRS study. Neuroimage Clin. 2014;6:398-407.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.nicl.2014.10.005

90. 90.

    Mirkes C, Shajan G, Chadzynski G, Buckenmaier K, Bender B, Scheffler K. 31)P CSI of the human brain in healthy subjects and tumor patients at 9.4 T with a three-layered multi-nuclear coil: initial results. Magma. 2016;29:579-589.

    Not in our library10.1007/s10334-016-0524-9

91. 91.

    Mistry N, Dixon J, Tallantyre E, Tench C, Abdel-Fahim R, Jaspan T, Morgan PS, Morris P, Evangelou N. Central Veins in Brain Lesions Visualized With High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging A Pathologically Specific Diagnostic Biomarker for Inflammatory Demyelination in the Brain. Jama Neurol. 2013;70:623-628.

    Not in our library10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.1405

92. 92.

    Moenninghoff C, Kraff O, Maderwald S, Umutlu L, Theysohn JM, Ringelstein A, Wrede KH, Deuschl C, Altmeppen J, Ladd ME, Forsting M, et al. Diffuse Axonal Injury at Ultra-High Field MRI. PLoS One. 2015;10.

    Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0122329

93. 93.

    Moheet a, Emir UE, Terpstra M, Kumar a, Eberly LE, Seaquist ER, Öz G. Initial experience with seven tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hypothalamic GABA during hyperinsulinemic euglycemia and hypoglycemia in healthy humans. Magn Reson Med: Off J Soc Magn Reson Med / Soc Magn Reson Med. 2014;71:12-18.

    Not in our library10.1002/mrm.24663

94. 94.

    Moser E, Stahlberg F, Ladd ME, Trattnig S. 7-T MR–from research to clinical applications? NMR Biomed. 2012;25:695-716.

    Not in our library10.1002/nbm.1794

95. 95.

    Mugler JP, Brookeman JR. Three-dimensional magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo imaging (3D MP RAGE). Magn Reson Med. 1990;15:152-157.

    Not in our library10.1002/mrm.1910150117

96. 96.

    Nielsen AS, Kinkel RP, Madigan N, Tinelli E, Benner T, Mainero C. Contribution of cortical lesion subtypes at 7T MRI to physical and cognitive performance in MS. Neurology. 2013;81:641-649.

    Not in our library10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a08ce8

97. 97.

    Nielsen AS, Kinkel RP, Tinelli E, Benner T, Cohen-Adad J, Mainero C. Focal cortical lesion detection in multiple sclerosis: 3 T DIR versus 7 T FLASH-T2*. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012;35:537-542.

    Not in our library10.1002/jmri.22847

98. 98.

    Noll DD, Nishimura DG, Makovski A. Homodyne detection in magnetic resonance imaging. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1991;10:154-163.

    Not in our library10.1109/42.79473

99. 99.
    Robust T1-Weighted Structural Brain Imaging and Morphometry at 7T Using MP2RAGE · 2014

    No notice
100. 100.

     O'Brien KR, Magill AW, Dela-Coste J, Marques JP, Kober T, Fautz HP, Lazeyras F, Krueger G. Dielectric pads and low- B1+ adiabatic pulses: complementary techniques to optimize structural T w whole-brain MP2RAGE scans at 7 T. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013.

     Not in our library10.1002/jmri.24435

101. 101.

     Palomero-Gallagher N, Vogt BA, Schleicher A, Mayberg HS, Zilles K. Receptor architecture of human cingulate cortex: evaluation of the four-region neurobiological model. Hum Brain Mapp. 2009;30:2336-2355.

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102. 102.

     Pan JW, Duckrow RB, Gerrard J, Ong C, Hirsch LJ, Resor SR, Zhang Y, Petroff O, Spencer S, Hetherington HP, Spencer DD. 7T MR spectroscopic imaging in the localization of surgical epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2013a;54:1668-1678.

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103. 103.

     Pan JW, Duckrow RB, Spencer DD, Avdievich NI, Hetherington HP. Selective homonuclear polarization transfer for spectroscopic imaging of GABA at 7T. Magn Reson Med: Off J Soc Magn Reson Med / Soc Magn Reson Med. 2013b;69:310-316.

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104. 104.

     Pan JW, Lo KM, Hetherington HP. Role of very high order and degree B0 shimming for spectroscopic imaging of the human brain at 7 T. Magn Reson Med. 2012;68:1007-1017.

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105. 105.

     Parker DL, Payne A, Todd N, Hadley JR. Phase reconstruction from multiple coil data using a virtual reference coil. Magn Reson Med. 2014;72:563-569.

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106. 106.

     Petrella JR, Shah LM, Harris KM, Friedman AH, George TM, Sampson JH, Pekala JS, Voyvodic JT. Preoperative functional MR imaging localization of language and motor areas: effect on therapeutic decision making in patients with potentially resectable brain tumors. Radiology. 2006;240:793-802.

     Not in our library10.1148/radiol.2403051153

107. 107.

     Pitt D, Boster A, Pei W, Wohleb E, Jasne A, Zachariah CR, Rammohan K, Knopp MV, Schmalbrock P. Imaging cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis with ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Neurol. 2010;67:812-818.

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108. 108.

     Pohmann R, Speck O, Scheffler K. Signal-to-noise ratio and MR tissue parameters in human brain imaging at 3, 7, and 9.4 T using current receive coil arrays. Magn Reson Med. 2016;75:801-809.

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109. 109.

     Polimeni JR, Bhat H, Witzel T, Benner T, Feiweier T, Inati SJ, Renvall V, Heberlein K, Wald LL. Reducing sensitivity losses due to respiration and motion in accelerated echo planar imaging by reordering the autocalibration data acquisition. Magn Reson Med. 2015.

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110. 110.

     Posse S, Otazo R, Dager SR, Alger J. MR spectroscopic imaging: principles and recent advances. J Magn Reson imaging: JMRI. 2013;37:1301-1325.

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111. 111.
     Enlarged Perivascular Spaces and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease · 2013

     No notice
112. 112.

     Povazan M, Hangel G, Strasser B, Gruber S, Chmelik M, Trattnig S, Bogner W. Mapping of brain macromolecules and their use for spectral processing of (1) H-MRSI data with an ultra-short acquisition delay at 7 T. Neuroimage. 2015;121:126-135.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.042

113. 113.

     Prudent V, Kumar A, Liu S, Wiggins G, Malaspina D, Gonen O. Human hippocampal subfields in young adults at 7.0 T: feasibility of imaging. Radiology. 2010;254:900-906.

     Not in our library10.1148/radiol.09090897

114. 114.

     Pruessmann K, Weiger M, Scheidegger M, Boesiger P. SENSE: sensitivity encoding for fast MRI. Magn Reson Med. 1999;42:952-962.

     Not in our library

115. 115.

     Rae-Grant AD, Wong C, Bernatowicz R, Fox RJ. Observations on the brain vasculature in multiple sclerosis: a historical perspective. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2014;3:156-162.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.msard.2013.08.005

116. 116.

     Ratai E, Kok T, Wiggins C, Wiggins G, Grant E, Gagoski B, O‘Neill G, Adalsteinsson E, Eichler F. Seven-Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in adult X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Arch Neurol. 2008;65:1488-1494.

     Not in our library10.1001/archneur.65.11.1488

117. 117.

     Reichenbach J, Venkatesan R, Schillinger D, Haacke E. Small vessels in the human brain: mr-venography with deoxyhemoglobin as an intrinsic contrast agent. Radiology. 1997;204:272-277.

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118. 118.

     Reichenbach JR, Haacke EM. High Resolution BOLD Venographic Imaging: a Window into. Brain Funct NMR Biomed. 2001;14:453-467.

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119. 119.

     Rindfleisch E. Histologisches detail zu der grauen degeneration von Gehirn und Rückenmark. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol. 1863;26:474-483.

     Not in our library

120. 120.

     Robinson S, Grabner G, Witoszynskyj S, Trattnig S. Combining phase images from multi-channel RF coils using 3D phase offset maps derived from a dual-echo scan. Magn Reson Med. 2011;65:1638-1648.

     Not in our library10.1002/mrm.22753

121. 121.

     Robinson S, Jovicich J. B0 mapping with multi-channel RF coils at high field. Magn Reson Med. 2011;66:976-988.

     Not in our library10.1002/mrm.22879

122. 122.

     Robinson SD, Bredies K, Khabipova D, Dymerska B, Marques JP, Schweser F. An illustrated comparison of processing methods for phase MRI and QSM: combining array coil signals and phase unwrapping. NMR Biomed (Rev). 2016.

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123. 123.

     Robinson SD, Dymerska B, Bogner W, Barth M, Zaric O, Goluch S, Grabner G, Deligianni X, Bieri O, Trattnig S. Combining phase images from array coils using a short echo time reference scan (COMPOSER). Magn Reson Med. 2015.

     Not in our library10.1002/mrm.26093

124. 124.

     Robinson SD, Schopf V, Cardoso P, Geissler A, Fischmeister FP, Wurnig M, Trattnig S, Beisteiner R. Applying independent component analysis to clinical FMRI at 7 T. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7:496.

     Not in our library10.3389/fnhum.2013.00496

125. 125.

     Schlamann M, Maderwald S, Becker W, Kraff O, Theysohn JM, Mueller O, Sure U, Wanke I, Ladd ME, Forsting M, Schaefer L, et al. Cerebral cavernous hemangiomas at 7 T: initial experience. Acad Radiol. 2010;17:3-6.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.acra.2009.10.001

126. 126.

     Setsompop K, Gagoski BA, Polimeni JR, Witzel T, Wedeen VJ, Wald LL. Blipped-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging for simultaneous multislice echo planar imaging with reduced g-factor penalty. Magn Reson Med. 2012;67:1210-1224.

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127. 127.

     Rooney WD, Johnson G, Li X, Cohen ER, Kim SG, Ugurbil K, Springer CS. Magnetic field and tissue dependencies of human brain longitudinal 1H2O relaxation in vivo. Magn Reson Med. 2007;57:308-318.

     Not in our library10.1002/mrm.21122

128. 128.

     Shmueli K, de Zwart JA, van Gelderen P, Li TQ, Dodd SJ, Duyn JH. Magnetic susceptibility mapping of brain tissue in vivo using MRI phase data. Magn Reson Med. 2009;62:1510-1522.

     Not in our library10.1002/mrm.22135

129. 129.

     Sinnecker T, Dorr J, Pfueller CF, Harms L, Ruprecht K, Jarius S, Bruck W, Niendorf T, Wuerfel J, Paul F. Distinct lesion morphology at 7-T MRI differentiates neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2012;79:708-714.

     Not in our library10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182648bc8

130. 130.

     Sinnecker T, Othman J, Kuhl M, Mekle R, Selbig I, Niendorf T, Kunkel A, Wienecke P, Kern P, Paul F, Faiss J, et al. 7T MRI in natalizumab-associated PML and ongoing MS disease activity: a case study. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2015;2:e171.

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131. 131.

     Smith EE, Schneider JA, Wardlaw JM, Greenberg SM. Cerebral microinfarcts: the invisible lesions. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:272-282.

     Not in our library10.1016/s1474-4422(11)70307-6

132. 132.

     Springer E, Dymerska B, Cardoso PL, Robinson SD, Weisstanner C, Wiest R, Schmitt B, Trattnig S. Comparison of Routine Brain Imaging at 3 T and 7 T. Invest Radiol. 2016.

     Not in our library10.1097/rli.0000000000000256

133. 133.

     Srinivasan R, Ratiney H, Hammond-Rosenbluth KE, Pelletier D, Nelson SJ. MR spectroscopic imaging of glutathione in the white and gray matter at 7 T with an application to multiple sclerosis. Magn Reson Imaging. 2010;28:163-170.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.mri.2009.06.008

134. 134.

     Strasser B, Chmelik M, Robinson SD, Hangel G, Gruber S, Trattnig S, Bogner W. Coil combination of multichannel MRSI data at 7 T: musical. NMR Biomed. 2013;26:1796-1805.

     Not in our library10.1002/nbm.3019

135. 135.

     Strasser B, Hangel G, Povazan M, Gruber S, Chmelik M, Dal-Bianco A, Leutmezer F, Trattnig S, Bogner W. Ultra-High Resolution MRSI of Multiple Sclerosis at 7T. 2016a.

     Not in our library

136. 136.

     Strasser B, Povazan M, Hangel G, Hingerl L, Chmelik M, Gruber S, Trattnig S, Bogner W. (2+1)D-CAIPIRINHA Accelerated MR Spectroscopic Imaging of the Brain at 7T. Magn Reson Med Accept. 2016b.

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137. 137.

     Talagala SL, Sarlls JE, Liu S, Inati SJ. Improvement of temporal signal-to-noise ratio of GRAPPA accelerated echo planar imaging using a FLASH based calibration scan. Magn Reson Med. 2016;75:2362-2371.

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138. 138.

     Tallantyre EC, Dixon JE, Donaldson I, Owens T, Morgan PS, Morris PG, Evangelou N. Ultra-high-field imaging distinguishes MS lesions from asymptomatic white matter lesions. Neurology. 2011;76:534-539.

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139. 139.

     Tallantyre EC, Morgan PS, Dixon JE, Al-Radaideh A, Brookes MJ, Evangelou N, Morris PG. A Comparison of 3T and 7T in the Detection of Small Parenchymal Veins Within MS Lesions. Investigative Radiol. 2009;44:491-494.

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140. 140.

     Tallantyre EC, Morgan PS, Dixon JE, Al-Radaideh A, Brookes MJ, Morris PG, Evangelou N. 3 T and 7 T MRI of Multiple Sclerosis Cortical Lesions. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010;32:971-977.

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141. 141.

     Theysohn JM, Kraff O, Maderwald S, Barth M, Ladd SC, Forsting M, Ladd ME, Gizewski ER. 7 T MRI of microbleeds and white matter lesions as seen in vascular dementia. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2011;33:782-791.

     Not in our library10.1002/jmri.22513

142. 142.

     Theysohn JM, Kraff O, Maderwald S, Schlamann MU, de Greiff A, Forsting M, Ladd SC, Ladd ME, Gizewski ER. The Human Hippocampus at 7 T-In Vivo MRI. Hippocampus. 2009;19:1-7.

     Not in our library10.1002/hipo.20487

143. 143.

     Tkáč I, Andersen P, Adriany G. In vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy of the human brain at 7 T. Magn Reson Med: Off J Soc Magn Reson Med / Soc Magn Reson Med. 2001;456:451-456.

     Not in our library10.1002/mrm.1213

144. 144.

     Trattnig S, Bogner W, Gruber S, Szomolanyi P, Juras V, Robinson S, Zbýň Š, Haneder S. Clinical applications at ultrahigh field (7 T). Where does it make the difference? NMR Biomed. 2015;12.

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145. 145.

     Triantafyllou C, Hoge RD, Krueger G, Wiggins CJ, Potthast A, Wiggins GC, Wald LL. Comparison of physiological noise at 1.5 T, 3 T and 7 T and optimization of fMRI acquisition parameters. NeuroImage. 2005;26:243-250.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.007

146. 146.

     van den Bogaard SJ, Dumas EM, Teeuwisse WM, Kan HE, Webb A, van Buchem MA, Roos RA, van der Grond J. Longitudinal metabolite changes in Huntington's disease during disease onset. J Huntingtons Dis. 2014;3:377-386.

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147. 147.

     van den Bogaard SJa, Dumas EM, Teeuwisse WM, Kan HE, Webb A, Roos RaC, van der Grond J. Exploratory 7-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Huntington's disease provides in vivo evidence for impaired energy metabolism. J Neurol. 2011;258:2230-2239.

     Not in our library10.1007/s00415-011-6099-5

148. 148.

     Van Munster CEP, Jonkman LE, Weinstein HC, Uitdehaag BMJ, Geurts JJG. Gray Matter Damage in Multiple Sclerosis: impact on Clinical Symptoms. Neuroscience. 2015;303:446-461.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.006

149. 149.

     van Rooden S, Goos JDC, van Opstal AM, Versluis MJ, Webb AG, Blauw GJ, van der Flier WM, Scheltens P, Barkhof F, van Buchem MA, van der Grond J. Increased Number of Microinfarcts in Alzheimer Disease at 7-T MR Imaging. Radiology. 2014;270:205-211.

     Not in our library10.1148/radiol.13130743

150. 150.

     van Veluw SJ, Biessels GJ, Bouvy WH, Spliet WG, Zwanenburg JJ, Luijten PR, Macklin EA, Rozemuller AJ, Gurol ME, Greenberg SM, Viswanathan A, et al. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy severity is linked to dilation of juxtacortical perivascular spaces. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2016;36:576-580.

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151. 151.

     van Veluw SJ, Fracasso A, Visser F, Spliet WG, Luijten PR, Biessels GJ, Zwanenburg JJ. FLAIR images at 7 T MRI highlight the ependyma and the outer layers of the cerebral cortex. Neuroimage. 2015;104:100-109.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.011

152. 152.

     van Veluw SJ, Zwanenburg JJM, Engelen-Lee J, Spliet WGM, Hendrikse J, Luijten PR, Biessels GJ. In vivo detection of cerebral cortical microinfarcts with high-resolution 7T MRI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013;33:322-329.

     Not in our library10.1038/jcbfm.2012.196

153. 153.

     Visser E, Poser BA, Barth M, Zwiers MP. Reference-free unwarping of EPI data using dynamic off-resonance correction with multiecho acquisition (DOCMA). Magn Reson Med. 2012;68:1247-1254.

     Not in our library10.1002/mrm.24119

154. 154.

     Visser F, Zwanenburg JJ, Hoogduin JM, Luijten PR. High-resolution magnetization-prepared 3D-FLAIR imaging at 7.0 T. Magn Reson Med. 2010;64:194-202.

     Not in our library10.1002/mrm.22397

155. 155.

     Walsh AJ, Lebel RM, Eissa A, Blevins G, Catz I, Lu JQ, Resch L, Johnson ES, Emery DJ, Warren KG, Wilman AH. Multiple sclerosis: validation of MR imaging for quantification and detection of iron. Radiology. 2013;267:531-542.

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156. 156.

     Weiskopf N, Klose U, Birbaumer N, Mathiak K. Single-shot compensation of image distortions and BOLD contrast optimization using multi-echo EPI for real-time fMRI. NeuroImage. 2005;24:1068-1079.

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157. 157.

     Wiesinger F, Van de Moortele PF, Adriany G, De Zanche N, Ugurbil K, Pruessmann KP. Parallel imaging performance as a function of field strength–an experimental investigation using electrodynamic scaling. Magn Reson Med. 2004;52:953-964.

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158. 158.

     Wiggins GC, Potthast A, Triantafyllou C, Wiggins CJ, Wald LL. Eight-channel phased array coil and detunable TEM volume coil for 7 T brain imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2005;54:235-240.

     Not in our library10.1002/mrm.20547

159. 159.

     Wiggins GC, Triantafyllou C, Potthast A, Reykowski A, Nittka M, Wald LL. 32-channel 3 T receive-only phased-array head coil with soccer-ball element geometry. Magn Reson Med. 2006;56:216-223.

     Not in our library10.1002/mrm.20925

160. 160.

     Wisse LE, Kuijf HJ, Honingh AM, Wang H, Pluta JB, Das SR, Wolk DA, Zwanenburg JJ, Yushkevich PA, Geerlings MI. Automated Hippocampal Subfield Segmentation at 7T MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2016;37:1050-1057.

     Not in our library10.3174/ajnr.a4659

161. 161.

     Wisse LEM, Gerritsen L, Zwanenburg JJM, Kuijf HJ, Luijten PR, Biessels GJ, Geerlings MI. Subfields of the hippocampal formation at 7 T MRI: in vivo volumetric assessment. Neuroimage. 2012;61:1043-1049.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.023

162. 162.

     Wuerfel J, Sinnecker T, Ringelstein EB, Jarius S, Schwindt W, Niendorf T, Paul F, Kleffner I, Dorr J. Lesion morphology at 7 T MRI differentiates Susac syndrome from multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2012;18:1592-1599.

     Not in our library10.1177/1352458512441270

163. 163.

     Yao B, Bagnato F, Matsuura E, Merkle H, van Gelderen P, Cantor FK, Duyn JH. Chronic multiple sclerosis lesions: characterization with high-field-strength MR imaging. Radiology. 2012;262:206-215.

     Not in our library10.1148/radiol.11110601

164. 164.

     Yao B, Hametner S, van Gelderen P, Merkle H, Chen C, Lassmann H, Duyn JH, Bagnato F. 7 T magnetic resonance imaging to detect cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis. PLoS One. 2014;9:e108863.

     Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0108863

165. 165.

     Yushkevich PA, Amaral RS, Augustinack JC, Bender AR, Bernstein JD, Boccardi M, Bocchetta M, Burggren AC, Carr VA, Chakravarty MM, Chetelat G, et al. Quantitative comparison of 21 protocols for labeling hippocampal subfields and parahippocampal subregions in in vivo MRI: towards a harmonized segmentation protocol. Neuroimage. 2015;111:526-541.

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166. 166.

     Wang S, Merkle H, Talagala SL. SAR evaluation of 7.0 T perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling coil. Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting ISMRM #1046. 2008.

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167. 167.

     Yushkevich PA, Avants BB, Pluta J, Das S, Minkoff D, Mechanic-Hamilton D, Glynn S, Pickup S, Liu W, Gee JC, Grossman M, et al. A high-resolution computational atlas of the human hippocampus from postmortem magnetic resonance imaging at 9.4 T. Neuroimage. 2009;44:385-398.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.08.04

168. 168.

     Zaca D, Jovicich J, Nadar SR, Voyvodic JT, Pillai JJ. Cerebrovascular reactivity mapping in patients with low grade gliomas undergoing presurgical sensorimotor mapping with BOLD fMRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2014;40:383-390.

     Not in our library10.1002/jmri.24406

169. 169.

     Zaiss M, Windschuh J, Paech D, Meissner JE, Burth S, Schmitt B, Kickingereder P, Wiestler B, Wick W, Bendszus M, Schlemmer HP, et al. Relaxation-compensated CEST-MRI of the human brain at 7T: unbiased insight into NOE and amide signal changes in human glioblastoma. Neuroimage. 2015;112:180-188.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.040

170. 170.

     Zielman R, Teeuwisse W, Bakels F, Van der Grond J, Webb a, van Buchem M, Ferrari M, Kruit M, Terwindt G. Biochemical changes in the brain of hemiplegic migraine patients measured with 7 T 1H-MRS. Cephalalgia: Int J Headache. 2014;0:1-9.

     Not in our library10.1177/0333102414527016

171. 171.

     Zucca I, Milesi G, Medici V, Tassi L, Didato G, Cardinale F, Tringali G, Colombo N, Bramerio M, D'Incerti L, Freri E, et al. Type II focal cortical dysplasia: ex vivo 7T magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities and histopathological comparisons. Ann Neurol. 2016;79:42-58.

     Not in our library10.1002/ana.24541

172. 172.
     Turbo-FLASH based arterial spin labeled perfusion MRI at 7 T. · 2013

     Not checked
173. 173.

     Zwanenburg JJ, Versluis MJ, Luijten PR, Petridou N. Fast high resolution whole brain T2* weighted imaging using echo planar imaging at 7T. NeuroImage. 2011;56:1902-1907.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.046

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