Oral anticoagulation in chronic kidney disease with atrial fibrillation
Pablo Gomez -Fernández, Antonio Martín Santana, Juan de Dios Arjona Barrionuevo
Nefrología (English Edition) · 2021
doi:10.1016/j.nefroe.2021.04.005 (opens in a new tab)
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexist, amplifying the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. In patients with CKD stage 3 and non-valvular AF, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have shown, compared to vitamin K antagonists (VKA), equal or greater efficacy in the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism, and greater safety. There are no randomizedtrials of the efficacy and safety of DOACs and VKA in advanced CKD. On the other hand, observational studies suggest that DOACs, compared to warfarin, are associated with a lower risk of acute kidney damage and generation/progression of CKD. This paper reviews the epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects of the CKD and AF association, the evidence of the efficacy and safety of warfarin and ACODs in various stages of CKD with AF as well as the comparison between warfarin and ACODs in efficacy and anticoagulant safety, and in its renal effects. Resumen: La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y la fibrilación auricular (FA) frecuentemente coexisten amplificando el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares y de mortalidad. En pacientes con ERC estadio 3 y FA no valvular, los anticoagulantes orales de acción directa (ACOD) han demostrado, comparados con antagonistas de la vitamina K (AVK), igual ó superior eficacia en la prevención de ictus y embolismo sistémico, y mayor seguridad. No existen ensayos randomizados de la eficacia y seguridad de ACOD y AVK en la ERC avanzada. Por otra parte, estudios observacionales sugieren que los ACOD, comparados con warfarina, se asocian a menor riesgo de daño renal agudo y de generación/progresión de ERC. En este trabajo se revisan los aspectos epidemiológicos y fisiopatológicos de la asociación ERC y FA, las evidencias de la eficacia y seguridad de la warfarina y de los ACOD en las diversas fases de la ERC con FA así como la comparación entre warfarina y ACOD en la eficacia y seguridad anticoagulante, y en sus efectos renales.
Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND
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