ABO incompatible live donor renal transplant. Study of 48 patients after desensitization
Constantino Fernández Rivera, María Calvo Rodríguez, Andrés López Muñíz and 5 more
Nefrología (English Edition) · 2019
doi:10.1016/j.nefroe.2019.12.006 (opens in a new tab)
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Abstract
Background: Until recently, ABO-incompatible living donor kidney transplantation was regarded as an absolute contraindication. However, this kind of kidney transplantation has been used in the last years, with good results. Objetive: 0ur objetive is to show the results obtained with this technique in our hospital. Methods: Forty-eight patients with a mean age of 50,9 ± 10,9 years were included. Follow-up 44,6 ± 30,9 months. Conditioning: rituximab 375 mg/m², tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolate sodium, prednisone, plasmapheresis/immunoadsorption and intravenous immunoglobulin. Accepted IgG and IgM titers for transplantation ≤ 1:8. Results: Preprocess IgG titer 1:124 ± 1:40, IgM titer 1:77 ± 1:55. After 6 ± 3 sessions, IgG decreased to <1:8 in 47 patients and to <1:16 in one. IgM was < 1:/8 in all cases. Twenty-five patients (50 %) presented hematoma, reintervention in 7 (14.6 %); 29 (60 %) required transfusion. Acute rejection occurred in 5 cases (8.7 % at 5 th year). CMV infection 9 (19,7 % at 5th year), BK viremia 5 (12.4 % at 5th year), post-transplant diabetes in 10 (23.4 % at 5th year), and lymphocele in 3 (6,4 % at 5th year). Patient survival was 97 % at 5th year and graft survival 95,7 % at 1st and 93 % at 5th year. Causes of graft loss: thrombosis (n = 1) and mixed rejection (n = 1) and death (n = 2). Serum creatinine levels were 1.43 ± 0.5 mg/dl at 1st and 3rd year and 1,3 ± 0,3 mg/dl at 5th year. Proteinuria was 0.2 ± 0.2 g/24 h at 1st and 5th year. Conclusions: ABO incompatible living donor kidney transplantation after conditioning with rituximab, plasmapheresis/immunoadsorption and immunoglobulins is a valid option offering excellent outcomes.as survival and acute rejections without increasing infectious complications. An increased tendency towards postoperative bleeding is observed. Resumen: Antecedentes: El trasplante renal de donante vivo ABO incompatible era considerado una contraindicación absoluta. Desde hace años, se realiza con buenos resultados. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo es mostrar los resultados de este tipo de trasplante realizado en nuestro hospital. Métodos: Estudiamos 48 pacientes, edad media 50,9 ± 10,9 años. Seguimiento 44,6 ± 30,9 meses. Acondicionamiento: Rituximab (RTX) 375 mg/m2, tacrolimus, micofenolato mofetil o micofenolato sódico, prednisona, plasmaféresis/inmunoadsorción e inmunoglobulina intravenosa. Títulos de isoaglutininas aceptados para trasplantar: IgG e IgM inferiores a 1:8. Resultados: Isoaglutininas pre-proceso: IgG 1:124 ± 1:140, IgM 1:77 ± 1:55.Tras 6 ± 3 sesiones IgG descendió a <1:8 en 47 pacientes, a <1:16 en uno; IgM fue < 1:8 en todos. 24 pacientes (50%) presentaron hematoma, reintervención en 7(14.6%), 29(60%) necesitaron transfusión. Rechazo agudo 8.7% al 5º año). CMV 9(19,7% al 5º año), Viremia BK 5(12.4% al 5º año), diabetes post-trasplante 10(23.4% al 5º año), linfocele 3(6,4% al 5ºaño). Supervivencia paciente 97,1% al 5º año y del injerto 95,7% al año y del 93% al 5 año. Pérdida de injerto: trombosis (n = 1), rechazo mixto(n = 1) y éxitus (n = 2). La creatinina al año y a los 3 años 1,4 ± 0,4 mg/dl y 1,3± al 5º año. La proteinuria al año, 3º y 5º fue 0,2 ± 0,2 g/24 horas. Conclusiones: El trasplante renal de donante vivo ABO incompatible tras acondicionamiento con rituximab, plasmaféresis/inmunoadsorción e inmunoglobulinas es una opción válida y ofrece excelentes resultados de supervivencia, con baja incidencia de rechazo agudo sin aumento de complicaciones infecciosas. Se evidencia una mayor tendencia al sangrado postoperatorio. Keywords: ABO-incompatible living-donor kidney transplant, Desensitisation, Plasmapheresis, Immunoadsorption, Rituximab, Palabras clave: Trasplante renal donante vivo ABO incompatible, Desensibilización, Plasmaféresis, Inmunoadsorción, Rituximab
Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND
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