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Lactic acid production – producing microorganisms and substrates sources-state of art

Elahe Abedi, Seyed Mohammad Bagher Hashemi

Heliyon · 2020 · Review · CC BY

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04974

Abstract

spp. can metabolize different renewable carbon resources, with advantageously amylolytic properties to produce lactic acid. Additionally, yeasts can tolerate environmental restrictions (for example acidic conditions), being the wild-type low lactic acid producers that have been improved by genetic manipulation. Microalgae and cyanobacteria, as photosynthetic microorganisms can be an alternative lactic acid producer without carbohydrate feed costs. For lactic acid production, it is necessary to have substrates in the fermentation medium. Different carbohydrate sources can be used, from plant waste as molasses, starchy, lignocellulosic materials as agricultural and forestry residues. Dairy waste also can be used by the addition of supplementary components with a nitrogen source.

Full text

From PubMed Central, U.S. National Library of Medicine, as current on Oct 20, 2026. Paragraph numbers are ours, so an answer can point at one.

Introduction

1Lactic acid as an organic acid is authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as GRAS (generally regarded as safe). It provides leading roles in the food and non-food industry. i) It is utilized in the food industry including beverage industry (as food preservative, fermentation agent, acidulant, flavour enhancer, and decontaminant), antioxidant, prebiotic activity, cryoprotectant, viscosifier, ii) chemical industry mainly mosquito repellent, descaling agents, pH regulator, neutralizers, green solvent, cleaning agents, metal complexing agents, substitution of synthetic plastics derived from petro-chemically compounds and environmentally friendly alternative due to production of poly-lactic acid as biodegradable polymers for commercial uses such as fibers and films, production of propylene glycol, lactate esters, acrylic acid, propylene oxide, propanoic acidacetaldehyde, 2,3-pentanedione, and dilactide; iii) cosmetic industry as moisturizers, skin-lightening agents, skin rejuvenating agents, anti-acne agents, humectants, anti tartar agents; iv) medicine and pharmaceuticals industry as a building-block molecule, dialysis solution, mineral preparations, tablettings, prostheses, surgical sutures, controlled drug delivery system, immune-stimulant and manufacture of hygiene and esthetic products. Lactic acid is commonly sold as an 88% solution. The price varies with the application (e.g., food, pharmaceuticals, and PLA) and also depends on the price of commodity starch and sugar feedstocks used for fermentation. A range of around $3.0-$4.0/kg was reported in 2019 (https://www.pharmacompass.com). Upon annual growth of 16.2%, the global lactic acid market increased from 1,220.0 kilotons in 2016 to 1,960.1 kilotons in 2025. This should display USD 9.8 billion in the global market. Market studies mention that the major growth will be for medicines and cosmetics in the Latin America and the Asia Pacific region.

2The direct conversion of complex compounds to lactic acid can be categorized mainly into Four groups. a) The lactic acid producing fungi such as Rhizopus oryzae. b) amylolytic lactobacilli namely Lb. amylovorous, Lb. manihotivorans, Lb. amylophilus etc. c) The simultaneously degradation of substrate further treat with enzymes. d) glycolysis pathway in E. coli, K. lactis and S. cerevisiae (Figure 1).

3The fermentation capacity by several LAB has been studied in order to produce LA. Plenty of lactic acid bacteria have amylase activity were originated from various plant and animal. Main obstructions lactic acid bacteria is that they require complex nutrients and slightly lower fermentation temperatures (˂ 45 °C) than other microorganism, which lead to increased costs and contamination risk and are also poor productivity due to the amylase production in the initial step, causing a long lag phase. Otherwise they require partially hydrolyzed substrates. Certain fungi including Rhizopus sp. can generate high content of lactic acid. They also specify with advantages compared with the bacterial process such as i) the consumption of a chemically defined medium (including inorganic nitrogen sources), which can facilitate product separation and purification, ii) consume both complex carbohydrates and pentose sugars iii) high product concentrations of pure L-lactic acid owing to metabolize high amount of glucose which is preferred for poly-lactide manufacture. For instance, fungal species of R. oryzae 2062 and R. arrhizus 36017 produce lactic acid in a single-stage simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process. In contrast, homofermentative lactic acid bacteria have highly more efficiencies than the fungi to convert sugars to lactic acid because production other byproducts such as ethanol and fumaric acid by R. oryzae-based process. Some researcher tried to enhance lactic acid production using a mutant of R. oryzae with declined alcohol dehydrogenase activity under oxygen limiting conditions. This strain generated almost 10-fold more lactic acid production when compared to the parent strain. Bacillus spp., allows reducing the LA production cost due to fewer nutrition demands and a high temperature of fermentation. Relatively to the use of fungi, the low LA productivity disadvantage of using wild-type yeasts can be overcome by engineering genetic modification. Moreover, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the more promising organisms that reveal high tolerance to low pH-values. Interestingly, good LA productivities were achieved by genetically modified Candida spp.

4Relatively to substrate sources, worldwide there is a lot of interesting agro-industrial waste or sub-products with a lower value, which can be fermented by several organisms. Molasses, juices waste, starchy biomass, agricultural residues, and forestry residues that is rich in mono and disaccharides, which in some cases need to be hydrolysed by pectinases to enhance the LA production. To use dairy wastes as a substrate, mainly whey, it is necessary to use an enriched mediums, due to insufficient proteolytic enzyme activity. In this paper, different bacterial groups that capable of producing lactic acid at different rates and under different conditions were discussed.

5In this paper, different bacterial groups that capable of producing lactic acid at different rates and under different conditions were discussed. Moreover, chemical and physical pretreatment of substrates were explained.

Lactic acid bacteria

6Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are gram-positive microorganisms known as the main safe industrial-scale producers of lactic acid (LA). LA is produced by glycolysis pathway under anaerobic conditions, and this compound can be produced from hexoses and pentoses LAB metabolism pathways, as indicated in Figure 1. LA production yield and productivity depends on pH (3.5–9.6), temperature (5–45 °C), nutrients presence (such as amino acids, peptides, nucleotides and vitamins) and the LAB strain producers used (so far have been used strains belonging to the genus Leuconostoc, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Vagococcus, Aerococcus, Carnobacterium, Tetragenococcus, Oenococcus and Weissella). However, LAB species including Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Streptococcus, and Pediococcus are also used as starter cultures in industrial food fermentations. Among LAB strains, Lactobacillus strains have great commercial importance due to high acid tolerance, high yield, and productivity, and can be engineered for the selective production of L/D-lactic acid. However, there are some disadvantages when using the LAB for commercial LA production, such as the high requirement of complex nutrients (with increasing production costs) and the low fermentation temperature (that could result in contamination risks and prevention of simultaneous saccharification of starchy or cellulosic biomass and conversion to sugars by amylases enzymes and fermentation of sugars and lignocellulosic biomass). However, the alkaliphilic LAB that includes Marinilactibacillus, Halolactibacillus, and Alkalibacterium spp. and other various strains from LAB genera, such as Microbacterium spp., Enterococcus spp., Alkalibacterium spp., Exiguobacterium spp., Oceanobacillus spp. and Bacillus spp., can produce LA at high pH-values (7.0–11.5), resulting in a contamination minimization during the fermentation process. For example, Exiguobacterium is a genus of bacilli, being the alkaliphile Exiguobacterium sp. strain 8-11-1 used to produce optically pure l-lactate, in nonsterile fed-batch fermentation with productivity of 8.15 g/L/h under glucose concentration of 80 g/L and using NaOH as a neutralizing agent.

7Since the complex nutritional requirements of the LAB complicate industrial processes and enhance cost, genetic engineering methods by gene manipulation with plasmid transformation could improve the fermentation efficiency of LA production. Some microorganisms, such as Corynebacterium glutamicum (section 1-3), Escherichia coli (section 1-4) and yeasts lack activities for pyruvate-formate lyase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and these genes can be inserted through gene sources of L-/D-LDH from LAB, bovine and fungi, to express the D- LDH gene from LAB, producing D-lactate in minimal medium with >99.9% optical purity.

8Glucose fermentation by homofermentative LAB needs somewhat acidic to neutral pH. However, low pH, has an inhibitory impact on cellular metabolism, in turn lactic acid production. The large number of LAB cannot grow lower than pH 4. In order to maintain cell survival two solutions are used: i) lime is routinely introduced to the fermentors to keep a neutral pH, which cause to produce calcium lactate (>90% of the lactic acid). Subsequent fermentation, the broth containing calcium lactate would be acidified with sulfuric acid to generate lactic acid. High sulfuric acid consumption leads to form high content of insoluble calcium sulfate as gypsum compared to the amount of lactic acid produced, waste disposal concerns, further corrosion problems and a significant cost factor in the product recovery step of commercial operations. Ideally, microbial fermentation would take place in medium with a pH at or lower than the pKa of lactic acid (the pKa of lactic acid is 3.78), permitting direct purification of the acid form. ii) Metabolic engineering has been applied to modify for variants of Lactobacillus sp. with improved tolerance to the acidified medium generated during fermentation. Improved strains has been achieved after UV and nitrosoguanidine treatment, which they are capable to produce lactic acid at rates and yields like to those of the traditional, neutral-pH lactic acid processes. In order to maximize resistance to the acidic conditions inducing by lactic acid production, enzymes namely trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase from Propionibacterium freudenreichii has been expressed in Lb. lactis, leading to 5- to 10-fold greater survivability at pH 3.0. Similarity, the enzymes in histidine decarboxylation pathway from Streptococcus thermophilus was expressed in Lb. lactis, making survival at pH levels as low as 3 in which the host cells were easily dying. There are two fermentative LAB pathways:The homofermentative LAB

9The homofermentative LAB

10LAB possesses the aldolase enzyme and can convert glucose almost exclusively into LA. The homofermentative LAB usually uses hexose and pentose sugars via the Embden-Meyerhof (by using glycolysis pathway and pentose phosphate pathway). Homofermentative LAB produces two LA molecules as a major end-product per mole of consumed glucose, with a theoretical yield of 1 g.g−1 and experimental yields among being this related to the type of the carbon source used. For LA commercial production (more than 100 g/L of lactic acid) only homofermentative LAB is available due to the high yield (near maximal theoretical value), productivity and a high optical purity of lactic acid (>99%). Homofermentative LAB includes Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Pediococcus, and some Lactobacillus, as shown in Table 1. Homofermentative Lactobacillus spp. includes mainly Lb. delbruckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lb. acidophilus, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, and Lb. helveticus. Abdel-Rahman et al. reported that Enterococcus mundtii QU 25 and engineered Lactobacillus plantarum could also metabolize homofermentative pentoses to LA.The heterofermentative LAB

11The heterofermentative LAB

12LAB can metabolize glucose into LA, acetic acid (AA), formate, ethanol, diacetyl, acetoin, and carbon dioxide (CO2 gas detection is a diagnostic test for heterofermentative from homofermentative fermentation). The heterofermentative LAB can use the phosphogluconate pathway (with a theoretical yield of 0.5 g/g) and phosphoketolase pathway (with a theoretical yield of 0.6 g/g), when metabolizing hexose and pentose sugars, respectively.

13The utilization of heterofermentative LAB as dairy starter cultures are not common due to CO2 release and simultaneous production of LA and other organic acids, considered as defects which induce several problems in the products, including bloated packaging and cracks in dairy products and hard cheeses, respectively. Heterofermentative LAB includes mainly Oenococcus, Leuconostoc, and some Lactobacillus spp., and the main heterofermentative Lactobacillus spp. are Lb. brevis, Lb. fermentum, and Lb. reuteri.

Bacillus strains

14Bacillus also has metabolic capacity to produce LA. There are several advantages to the use of Bacillus spp. relatively to the LAB. The use of Bacillus spp., allows reducing the LA production cost, because: (1) they can grow and ferment in mineral salt media with inexpensive nitrogen sources such as steep corn liquor or (NH4)2SO4, temperature (50–55 °C) and pH (6–6.5); (2) media sterilization before the fermentation process can be avoided due to the high temperature of LA fermentation process (>50 °C) and so do not need also cooling after medium sterilization, with considerable costs reduction; (3) they can utilize all sugars from lignocellulose biomasses, due to the ability to metabolize pentose sugars via the pentose phosphate pathway and hexose sugars via the EMP pathway; (4) all strains of Bacillus produce only L-LA; (5) they can convert substrates to LA with high yield or high productivity; (6) some strains namely B. coagulans JI12 was tolerant to both furfural (4 g/l) and acetate (20 g/l). Neither pre-detoxification nor separation of fermentable sugars from lignin was needed before the fermentation. Meng et al. and Patel et al. reported that the alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. WL-S20 and B. coagulans 36D1 produced L-LA at concentration and yield of (225 g/L and 0.993 g/g) and (92.0 and 0.96 g/g), respectively. Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. WL-S20 generated L-lactic acid in fed-batch fermentation at pH 9.0, which would reduce a risk of the contamination during fermentation and also can produce lactic acid in thermal fermentation (≥50 °C). Bacillus spp. have been accredited by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to the Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) list and Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status for applications in livestock production. Some Bacillus strains could produce LA, including B. coagulans, B. stearothermophilus, B. licheniformis thermophilic B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, Bacillus sp. and alkaliphilic bacilli such as B. circulans var. alkalophilus ATCC 21783, B. alcalophilus sp. halodurans ATCC 27557, B. alcalophilus ATCC 27647, alkaliphilic B. sp. WL-S20 and B. sp. 17-1 ATCC 31007.

Corynebacterium glutamicum

15Corynebacterium glutamicum is an aerobic Gram-positive bacterium that has been reported to be able to excrete amino acids (L-lysine and L-glutamate) and also small amounts of mix-organic acids (LA, succinic acid (SA), and AA) in industrial production. The organic acids production reported has occurred under oxygen deprivation conditions (anaerobic condition) due to cell growth inhibition and acceleration of mix-organic acids production from various sugars, including D-glucose; L-arabinose; D-glucose and L-arabinose D-xylose and D-glucose and D-xylose, D-cellobiose and D-glucose in mineral salts medium; C. glutamicum is engineered and has highly potential bacterium that can produce LA with high yield and productivity without requiring complex nutritional compounds. C. vitaeruminis MTCC 5488 produced 38.5 g/l LA in fed-batch fermentation. Meanwhile, C. glutamicum, as well as E. coli (section 1-4), have extremely low tolerance to acidic condition; hence LA production needs to be performed at pH-values about 7.0.

16However, the simultaneous production of LA and the formation of several organic acids such as SA and AA resulted in a low LA production yield which should be improved. Several types of research strategies were attempted to increase the LA production by C. glutamicum fermentation, through the promotion of medium conditions changes or by using engineering methodologies, such as:Inui et al. and Okino et al. reported a novel system which consists in a reactor containing high-density cells (HDC) of C. glutamicum (the cell concentrations were almost 10-fold higher than those commonly used for batch fermentation) that could lead to the high volumetric productivity of LA. According to the results of Yukawa et al., LA was produced by using the C. glutamicum R strain under an HDC condition.Manipulation of C. glutamicum could produce D-lactic acid at higher productivity and purity compared with the parental strain. Simultaneously knock out of the L-LDH gene, and over expression of the D-LDH encoding gene was performed by inserting this gene into C. glutamicum from Lb. delbrueckii and Lb. Bulgaricus.

17Inui et al. and Okino et al. reported a novel system which consists in a reactor containing high-density cells (HDC) of C. glutamicum (the cell concentrations were almost 10-fold higher than those commonly used for batch fermentation) that could lead to the high volumetric productivity of LA. According to the results of Yukawa et al., LA was produced by using the C. glutamicum R strain under an HDC condition.

18Manipulation of C. glutamicum could produce D-lactic acid at higher productivity and purity compared with the parental strain. Simultaneously knock out of the L-LDH gene, and over expression of the D-LDH encoding gene was performed by inserting this gene into C. glutamicum from Lb. delbrueckii and Lb. Bulgaricus.

19Song et al. reported an engineered C. glutamicum strain that can produce D-lactyl-CoA (by D-LDH and propionyl-CoA transferase) and 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA (by β-ketothiolase and NADPH-dependent acetoacetyl-CoA reductase) from glucose, under several enzymatic reactions. Copolymerization of 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and D-lactyly-CoA by using lactate polymerizing enzyme reaction resulted in the production of poly (LA-co-3HB) with high LA fractions (96.8 mol%).On the other hand, some studies reported that an engineered C. glutamicum could utilize pentose sugars including xylose and arabinose, as well as hexose sugars, such as galactose and glucose. Kawaguchi et al. inserted the genes xylA and xylB from E. coli into the C. glutamicum R strain that encodes xylose isomerase and xylulokinase, respectively, using a multicopy plasmid under the controlled promoter condition. Both the expression of xylA and xylB genes with xylose utilization ability could enhance the growth rate and production pattern of organic acid including L-LA and SA with interesting productivities (29 and 17 mmol/l/h) and yields (0.53 and of 0.25 g/g), respectively. Kawaguchi et al. performed another study in order to gain arabinose utilization ability, throughout the expression of genes araA, araB and araD (encoding arabinose isomerase, ribulokinase, and ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase, respectively) from E. coli into the C. glutamicum R strain. The results showed that the engineered C. glutamicum could consume arabinose, through successful arabinose genes expression, leading to the production of L-LA (3.4 mmol/h/g dry cell), SA and AA. This L-LA was produced using a mixture of sugars (arabinose and glucose), being the glucose consumption rate (0.76 g/h/g dry cell) significantly higher than the arabinose counterpart (0.06 g/h/g dry cell).Pyruvate kinase (Pyk) plays a key role in the production of pyruvate and ATP in glycolysis pathway and, moreover, as an essential factor in controlling the carbon flux distribution. C. glutamicum only contains one Pyk (pyk1NCgl2008). Moreover, recently Chai et al. found NCgl2809 as another novel pyruvate kinase (Pyk2) in C. glutamicum. These authors grew an engineered C. glutamicum containing Pyk1 or Pyk2 on D-ribose conditions, being the LA production enhanced by overexpression of either Pyk1 or Pyk2, due to the increase of the activity of the Pyk enzyme. They found that fermentation by the overexpression of Pyk2 in WTΔpyk1 C. glutamicum strain could increase LA production to 60.27 ± 1.40 g/L (about 47% higher than the parent strain) under oxygen deprivation condition.

20On the other hand, some studies reported that an engineered C. glutamicum could utilize pentose sugars including xylose and arabinose, as well as hexose sugars, such as galactose and glucose. Kawaguchi et al. inserted the genes xylA and xylB from E. coli into the C. glutamicum R strain that encodes xylose isomerase and xylulokinase, respectively, using a multicopy plasmid under the controlled promoter condition. Both the expression of xylA and xylB genes with xylose utilization ability could enhance the growth rate and production pattern of organic acid including L-LA and SA with interesting productivities (29 and 17 mmol/l/h) and yields (0.53 and of 0.25 g/g), respectively. Kawaguchi et al. performed another study in order to gain arabinose utilization ability, throughout the expression of genes araA, araB and araD (encoding arabinose isomerase, ribulokinase, and ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase, respectively) from E. coli into the C. glutamicum R strain. The results showed that the engineered C. glutamicum could consume arabinose, through successful arabinose genes expression, leading to the production of L-LA (3.4 mmol/h/g dry cell), SA and AA. This L-LA was produced using a mixture of sugars (arabinose and glucose), being the glucose consumption rate (0.76 g/h/g dry cell) significantly higher than the arabinose counterpart (0.06 g/h/g dry cell).

21Pyruvate kinase (Pyk) plays a key role in the production of pyruvate and ATP in glycolysis pathway and, moreover, as an essential factor in controlling the carbon flux distribution. C. glutamicum only contains one Pyk (pyk1NCgl2008). Moreover, recently Chai et al. found NCgl2809 as another novel pyruvate kinase (Pyk2) in C. glutamicum. These authors grew an engineered C. glutamicum containing Pyk1 or Pyk2 on D-ribose conditions, being the LA production enhanced by overexpression of either Pyk1 or Pyk2, due to the increase of the activity of the Pyk enzyme. They found that fermentation by the overexpression of Pyk2 in WTΔpyk1 C. glutamicum strain could increase LA production to 60.27 ± 1.40 g/L (about 47% higher than the parent strain) under oxygen deprivation condition.

Escherichia coli

22Wild-type E. coli is capable of growing and producing LA using hexoses and pentoses sugars fermentation with production of a mixture of organic acids (AA, SA, and formic acid (FA)) and ethanol. Moreover, they can grow on broth with more straightforward nutrient requirements compared to the conventional LAB.

23Engineered E. coli showed improved LA fermentation efficiency compared with wild E. coli. These engineered strains were manipulated by (1) replacement of D-LDH with L-LDH from LAB, bovine and other sources.; (2) prevention synthesis of racemic mixtures of D- and L-lactates by omission of methylglyoxal bypass route and consequently its accumulation; (3) avoiding of the undesired utilization of L-lactate by blocking the aerobic L-LDH. Engineered E. coli strains can grow and produce LA from several disaccharides including sucrose and monosaccharides (hexoses and pentoses) including glucose, xylose, and also glycerol. Some researchers reported that engineered E. coli strains produce D-LA by the homofermentative substrate pathway that causes over-expressing of LA. However, engineered E. coli strains had shown several disadvantages, such as low productivity (≤1.04 g/L/h) and low tolerance to low pH conditions due to LA production, in comparison with LAB.

Filamentous fungi

24Filamentous fungi are another microbial source that can produce LA. Numerous species of the genus Rhizopus such as R. oryzae and R. arrhizus can produce L-LA (as the main product) fumaric acid, and ethanol from different carbon sources. Among carbon sources, they aerobically metabolize glucose to produce LA. However, there are several renewable carbon resources for LA production by Rhizopus strains, which include corncob hydrolysate; xylose, glucose, wheat straw, paper pulp sulfite liquor, chicken feather protein hydrolysate, molasses, cassava pulp hydrolysis, potato hydrolysate, and glycerol enriched with lucerne green juice and inorganic nutrients. Media containing nitrogen sources lead to a fast growth that induces the production of chitin instead of LA. On the other hand, lack of a nitrogen source leads to a decreased cell activity and product formation in long-term cultivation. Two solutions to overcome this drawback was: 1) cells morphology affected LA productivity and yield (for example, fungal pellets instead of spores; 2) medium composition manipulation by using low nitrogen sources and high content of carbon sources could enhance LA production. Urea is one of the nitrogen sources used by genus Rhizopus that when added periodically within the production phase can avoid biofilm overgrowth, postpone sporulation, and retain high cell viability and LA productivity.

25There are some advantages and disadvantages of using Rhizopus strains for LA production. Some benefits of Rhizopus strains in comparison to LAB include: 1) their amylolytic properties (containing amylolytic enzyme activity) that can convert various starchy biomasses directly to L-LA without prior saccharification process; 2) simple medium requirements; 3) their filamentous or pellet growth in fermentation medium facilitate their separation from fermentation broth, which can lead to lower-cost downstream process; 4) fungal biomass is a worth fermentation by-product. On the other hand, R. oryzae is an obligate aerobe and requires vigorous aeration, usually above an oxygen transfer rate of 0.3 g O2/L/h. A disadvantage of using fungi is related with the different morphology of growth under fermentation, which includes extended filamentous appearances, pellets, mycelial mats, and clumps that significantly affect LA productivity and rheology of broth medium. Their morphology can affect the oxygen supply and mass transfer. In fungal fermentation, the low LA productivity (below 3 g/(L·h)) is a result of the low O2 mass transfer and synthetic route shift toward production of other by-products such as ethanol and fumaric acid. The preferable fungal morphology for industrial fermentations is small pellets by several reasons: 1) improved rheology of broth fermentation; 2) enhanced mass transfer in fermentation broth; 3) can be continuously utilized by using repeated batch fermentation for long operations.

26Some researchers investigated fungi morphology that enhances the LA productivity. Abdel-Rahman et al. verified that high LA production was obtained by cotton-like mycelial flocs morphology, which was formed by the culture of R. oryzae in the air-lift bioreactor.

27Several reports attempted to achieve high yield and productivity of pure L-LA with higher cell density by fungal fermentation, including the following:Immobilization techniques, being Rhizopus oryzae immobilized for L-LA production, but entrapment of fungal cells on matrixes revealed to be time-consuming.Controlling the production of undesirable by-products, mainly ethanol and fumaric acid leads to higher LA productivity.Addition of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitor into the fermentation medium (i.e., 1,2-diazole and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol) as an active inhibitor to decrease ethanol production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as a useful promoter to increase LA and cell biomass production.Metabolic engineering of the strain by deleting the alcohol dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase genes, thus shifting the metabolic flux, increasing LA production and yield.

28Immobilization techniques, being Rhizopus oryzae immobilized for L-LA production, but entrapment of fungal cells on matrixes revealed to be time-consuming.

29Controlling the production of undesirable by-products, mainly ethanol and fumaric acid leads to higher LA productivity.Addition of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitor into the fermentation medium (i.e., 1,2-diazole and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol) as an active inhibitor to decrease ethanol production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as a useful promoter to increase LA and cell biomass production.Metabolic engineering of the strain by deleting the alcohol dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase genes, thus shifting the metabolic flux, increasing LA production and yield.

30Addition of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitor into the fermentation medium (i.e., 1,2-diazole and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol) as an active inhibitor to decrease ethanol production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as a useful promoter to increase LA and cell biomass production.

31Metabolic engineering of the strain by deleting the alcohol dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase genes, thus shifting the metabolic flux, increasing LA production and yield.

32As far as we are aware, there are no reports that include other fungi to produce LA. The fungus, Aspergillus niger together with Lactobacillus sp. was used for LA production. The strategy, in this case, was that fungi enzymes would perform saccharification and de-polymerization of carbohydrate polymers to produce fermentable sugars to be used by the bacterium.

Yeasts

33Presently, LAB is the main microorganisms used to LA production. However, there is one problem associated to their use; their low pH sensitivity leads to the use of large amounts of neutralizing agents, including CaCO3 and results in the production of gypsum in fermentation medium. Comparatively, yeasts versus bacteria, yeasts can tolerate low pH which leads to a reduction for the need of neutralizing agents and downstream processing cost. The worst important disadvantage of using wild-type yeasts is the reduced LA production as the main product. Nevertheless, engineered yeasts are the best solution to overcome this drawback.

34Engineering yeast manipulation has been studied to obtain high LA productivity and yield, due to cancelation of pyruvate decarboxylase and/or pyruvate dehydrogenase activities, which results in the partial or full substitution of ethanol by LA production. In order to improve the natural acid resistance of yeasts, lactic acid productivity has been enhanced by inserting the gene encoding L(+)-LDH from heterologous sources. The bovine gene encoding LDH has been successfully expressed in both Candida utilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the gene encoding LDH from Lb. helveticus has been expressed in Candida sonorensis. Different research teams have been attempting to produce lactate from engineered yeasts genera including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida spp., Kluyveromyces lactis, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Pichia stipites and Zygosaccharomyces bailii.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

35Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the more permissive organisms used for LA production due to a high intrinsic tolerance to low pH-values. This characteristic should give to S. cerevisiae several advantages over LAB and Bacillus spp. Firstly, it is a microorganism resistant to low pH and can grow aerobically on glucose sources with the basic anaerobic growth factors including oleic acid, nicotinic acid, and ergosterol.

36Engineered S. cerevisiae can efficiently produce d-lactic acid due to its capability to grow fast under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. In transgenic strains, the coding section of pyruvate decarboxylase 1 (PDC1) was completely eliminated, and one or several copies of the d-lactate dehydrogenase (d-LDH) gene resources were inserted into the genome from mammalian LAB such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides strain NBRC3426. This study was for the first time performed by Porro et al., 1995, having achieved an LA production of 20 g/l and productivity up to 11 g/L/h using engineered S. Cerevisiae.

Candida sonorensis

37Candida sonorensis as a methylotrophic yeast that can ferment hexose (i.e., glucose) and pentose sugars (i.e., xylose and arabinose) to ethanol. They tolerate acid environments and require simple growth medium. C. sonorensis was manipulated by insertion of L-LDH genes from Lb. helveticus, B. megaterium, and R. oryzae. Multiple LDH gene copies were expressed to produce suitable mutants for LA production, which produced LA and ethanol. In order to increase the LA productivity, ethanol production was stopped by the elimination of two pyruvate decarboxylase genes (PDC) 1 and 2, being these the primary enzymes contributing to ethanol production. This modification (C. sonorensis expressing L. helveticus LDH) did not affect cell growth and resulted in the accumulation of lactate up to 92 g/l with a yield of 0.94 g/g glucose without ethanol production. In another work, engineered C. sonorensis (L-lactic acid dehydrogenase (ldhL) from Lb. helveticus) was reported to produce 31 g/l LA from 50 g/l D-xylose free of ethanol.

Candida boidinii

38Genetic engineering can be used to construct a crabtree-negative methylotrophic haploid of Candida boidinii that can efficiently produce high amounts of L-LA. The ethanol production of C. boidinii was 17% reduced by knocking out of the PDC1 gene encoding pyruvate decarboxylase when compared with the wild-type strain and with simultaneous heterologous expression of the bovine L-LDH gene resulted in 85.9 g/l of LA with a productivity of 1.79 g/l/h.

Candida utilise

39Candida utilis as crabtree-negative yeast is currently used for the production of several valuable chemicals, including glutathione, single cell protein, and RNA. The most pertinent advantage of C. utilise for LA production is the use of inexpensive substrates for growing, which includes pulping-waste liquors. In the study performed by Ikushima et al., an engineered C. utilise strain produced L-LA with high efficiency. These authors reduce ethanol production (as a by-product of L-LA) by knocking out the gene encoding pyruvate decarboxylase (CuPDC1), and then two copies of the bovine L-lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH) gene were inserted into the CuPdc1-null strain genome. The engineered C. utilise produced 103.3 g/l of L-LA with 95.1% conversion of basal medium and 99.9% purity.

Kluyveromyces lactis

40Kluyveromyces lactis is crabtree-negative yeast which was used for LA production after genetic modification. In comparison with some other yeasts strains, such as S. cerevisiae, which have a pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) with two active structural genes (PDC1 and PDC5), Kluyveromyces lactis has expressed PDC activity with a single gene, KlPDC1. The omission of KlPDC1 leads to production strains without PDC activity and increase LA production with free ethanol. The intense competition for pyruvate consumption by homologous PDC and heterologous LDH activities leads to a low LA yield, due to the simultaneous production of ethanol and LA. On the other hand, the elimination of pyruvate decarboxylase gene (KlPDC1), as a single gene with PDC activity in K. lactis, resulted in no ethanol production. In this yeast, the bovine L-lactate dehydrogenase gene (LDH) insertion and decarboxylase gene deletion were sufficient to increase the LA production to 109 g.l−1, with a productivity of 0.91 g.l−1. h−1, and yield 1.19 mol.mol−1 of consumed glucose. In another study, the KlPDC1 and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) genes were deleted, being the LDH gene inserted into a wild-type of K. lactis. The LA production improved by shifting of pyruvate flux toward homolactic fermentation with a yield level of 0.85 g g−1 (being the maximum theoretical yield 1 g.g−1).

Kluyveromyces marxianus

41Kluyveromyces marxianus has several advantages which make it economically attractive for commercial-industrial applications, including 1) proliferation occurs at high temperatures (up to 52 °C), reducing contamination control in commercial cultivation, whereas most organisms in an industrial environment cannot be cultivated well at this temperature; 2) K. marxianus in enriched media conditions, can grow rapidly with doubling times of 0.75–1 h (37 °C); 3) Many K. marxianus strains can utilize various inexpensive carbon sources and require few additional nutrients. In this yeast, the LA concentration was improved by the insertion of the LDH gene from B. megaterium. Also, Hause et al. transformed K. marxianus by insertion of the LDH gene (from Lb. helveticus and integrated into PDC1 locus) and verified an L-LA production at 9.1 g/L.

Zygosacchromyces

42Zygosaccharomyces bailii has been suggested as another host for LA, due to its ability to tolerate environmental restrictions, including high sugar concentrations, acidic conditions, relatively high temperatures (higher than fermentation process) and LA production levels compared with S. cerevisiae. Z. bailii has a high growth rate and biomass yield which could improve the fermentation processes of LA production. An engineered Z. bailii was produced by heterologous LDH gene expression (from the bacterial L-LDH) to induce the shift of the glycolytic flux towards the lactate production to improve LA production efficiency.

Pichia stipitis

43Pichia stipitis can utilize pentose and hexose sugars from lignocellulose hydrolysates as substrates to produce ethanol. The deletion of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH 1) and insertion of L-LDH (from heterologous Lb. helveticus) under the ADH1 promoter, led to an engineering P. stipitis producing 58 and 41 g/l of LA from 100 of xylose and 94 g/l glucose, respectively. Moreover, ethanol production was reduced by 15–30 % and 70–80 % compared with the wild-type strain, by xylose and glucose utilization, respectively.

Microalgae and cyanobacteria

44Algae and cyanobacteria are included in the category of photosynthetic microorganisms, and they can grow almost anywhere, with a short harvesting cycle of about 1–10 days and produce various chemicals (including biofuels (H2), ethanol, lactic, AA and FA). Algal biomass can be proposed as an alternative candidate to LA production without carbohydrate feed medium costs, being induced in high content of carbohydrates and proteins and also lack lignin.

45A few reports have evaluated the content of LA production by microalgal species, such as:Scenedesmus obliquus strain D3 could produce d-LA as the main fermentation product;Nannochlorum sp. 26A4 produced LA at 26 g/L with a yield of 70% and optical purity of 99.8% from starch (40% content per dry weight) under dark and anaerobic conditions;Biomass of Nannochloropsis salina contains 40% lipids, 20% carbohydrates, and 40% proteins. The neutralized and concentrated lipid-free residue has 64.3% of sugars (glucose and xylose). Co-fermentation of N. salina and L. pentosus under anaerobic fermentation could yield 10.1 g/l of LA with 92.8% of the conversion.Synechococcus elongates PCC7942 engineered with simultaneous genes expression encoding glucose; lactate and fructose-facilitated diffusion transporter; L-LDH (from E. coli) and invertase could produce 600 μM of LA. Similarly, engineered Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 by insertion L-LDH gene (derived from B. subtilis) could produce of 3.2 mM LA.

46Scenedesmus obliquus strain D3 could produce d-LA as the main fermentation product;

47Nannochlorum sp. 26A4 produced LA at 26 g/L with a yield of 70% and optical purity of 99.8% from starch (40% content per dry weight) under dark and anaerobic conditions;

48Biomass of Nannochloropsis salina contains 40% lipids, 20% carbohydrates, and 40% proteins. The neutralized and concentrated lipid-free residue has 64.3% of sugars (glucose and xylose). Co-fermentation of N. salina and L. pentosus under anaerobic fermentation could yield 10.1 g/l of LA with 92.8% of the conversion.

49Synechococcus elongates PCC7942 engineered with simultaneous genes expression encoding glucose; lactate and fructose-facilitated diffusion transporter; L-LDH (from E. coli) and invertase could produce 600 μM of LA. Similarly, engineered Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 by insertion L-LDH gene (derived from B. subtilis) could produce of 3.2 mM LA.

Food waste

50Food waste can include any compounds from the food production process to the wastes formed by the final consumer. Food waste contain a high amount of carbohydrate which causing it suitable as a substrate for lactic acid fermentation. Regarding to Table 1, numerous studies stated food waste are suitable for lactic acid production such as kitchen residues/refuse and municipal solid wastes, model kitchen refuse medium contain water, vegetables, meat/fish and cereals, mixes of cooked rice, vegetables, meat, and bean curd; rice, noodles, meat, and vegetables; vegetables such as carrot peel, cabbage, and potato peel, fruit such as banana peel, apple peel, and orange peel, baked fish, rice, and used tea leaves; rice, noodles, meat and vegetables, and unsold bakery products including cakes, breads and pastries; rice, vegetables, and meat; coffee mucilage; and coffee pulp.

Starchy biomass and sugar plant wastes (malt, molasses and sugar beet juice)

51Lactic acid can be produced from sugar plant wastes (molasses and sugar beet juice), starchy, and lignocellulosic biomasses (Figure 2).

52Disaccharides (lactose and sucrose) and monosaccharides hexoses (glucose, fructose, and galactose) and pentoses (xylose and arabinose) sugars can be fermented by LAB via EMP and/or the pentose PK pathway. Molasses are waste products containing a large amount of sucrose and other essential nutrients, which can derive from sugar cane and sugar beet from sugar manufacturing plants. Several microorganisms can use molasses as a substrate including Lb. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii mutant Uc-3, Lb. delbrueckii NCIM 2025; Lb. delbrueckii NCIMB 8130; Lb. delbrueckii C.E.C.T. 286, Lb. delbrueckii IFO 3202, Lb. delbrueckii, Lb. plantarum, Sporolactobacillus cellulosolvens, Rhizopus arrhizus, Lb. casei M-15, Bacillus sp. XZL9 and E. faecalis. Shukla et al. (2004) also reported that recombinant E. coli strain could produce D-lactic acid from molasses. Raw sugar beet juice with a Brix of at least 60 was used for LA production by lactic acid-producing microorganisms including bacteria (lactobacilli and moderately thermophilic bacilli due to fermentation at relatively high temperature such as B. coagulans, B. thermoamylovorans, Geobacillus stearothermophylus and B. smithii, yeasts and fungi, such as, Rhizopus and Aspergillus. Malt and date juice are another source for LA production by Lb. casei subsp. rhamnosus in batch and fed-batch cultures with a maximum LA production level of 89.2 g/L already achieved.

53There is a great interest to introduce cellulosic and starchy materials as substrates for LA production due to their abundance, low price and for being derived from renewable sources. Amylolytic lactic acid bacteria (ALAB) such as Lb. plantarum, Lb. fermentum and Lb. manihotivorans, Lb. amylophilus and Lb. amylovorus can ferment starchy biomass into LA due to their α-amylases activity. Some ALAB were isolated from various amylaceous compounds, which include maize and maize-based fermented products, potato, cassava and cassava-based fermented products, rice and rice-based fermented products, sweet sorghum, wheat, rye, oat, barley and other starchy substrates.

Lignocellulosic biomass

54Worldwide, there are abundant and cheap lignocellulosic materials, that include agricultural residues (corn stover, bagasse, and rice husk), forestry residues (sawdust), portions of municipal solid wastes (waste paper and brewer spent grains), herbs, switch-grass and shrubs (switchgrass and water hyacinth), woody plants (poplar trees), Stems, straws, leaves, stalks, shells, husks, and peels from cereals like wheat, rice, barley, corn, sorghum and various industrial wastes [Figures 3 and 4;. Cellulosic materials are composed mainly by cellulose, xylan, arabinan, galactan, and lignin.

55The addition of pectinases and cellulases in the fermentation medium can enhance LA production. However, fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates is prevented by the inhibitory effect of some compounds including acetic acid, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, which are formed during pre-treatment of lignocellulose. To reduce this inhibition, studies were performed through physical and chemical detoxification of the hydrolysate, being this mentioned as the challenges that must be overcome for their efficient utilization. For LA production, several cellulosic materials can be used as substrate, such as: pure cellulose, lignocellulosic pentoses including xylose and arabinose (Figure 2) corncob waste paper, and wood.

56Yadav et al. (2020) indicated that P. pentosaceus SKL-7, Lb. plantarum SKL-19, Lb. fallax SKL-15, Lb. plantarum SKL-22, and Lb. paracasei SKL-21grew well in presence of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-acetate, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium methane-sulfonate and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. The L. plantarum SKL-22 demonstareted relatively high tolerance with greatest specific growth rates in presence of 0.5% and 1% 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium methane-sulfonate and 1-Butyl-3- methylimidazolium chloride. L. plantarum SKL-22 formed reasonable good content of lactic acid 34.26 g/l, so promising strain for production of lactic acid from lignocellulosic biomass.

57Agricultural residues are another potential source of substrates for LA production. This category includes: alfalfa fiber, wheat bran and straw, defatted rice bran, food wastes, corn stover and cob, barley bran husks, sugarcane and cassava bagasse, trimming vine shoots, wine-trimming wastes, apple pomace, banana wastes, mango peel, mussel processing wastes, cellulosic bio sludge, kitchen refuses and wastes, fish meal wastes, cardboard waste and sugarcane bagasse waste. Wastewater of paper sludges is another source that does not require pretreatment and have a high content of polysaccharide degradation products and short cellulose fibers.

Cheese whey

58Whey is the primary by-product of the dairy industry, containing proteins, lactose, fats, water-soluble vitamins and minerals. Lactose can be hydrolyzed into glucose and galactose by entering the cell via a permease and β-galactosidase (Figure 1) and can produce four LA moles. LAB are fastidious microbes that require complex macro and micronutrients since they don't have enough proteolytic enzyme activity to utilize whey proteins. For complete utilization of whey lactose and proteins, the addition of supplementary components with a nitrogen source such as yeast extract, peptone, and soy flour or steep corn liquor is necessary. Enriched whey showed a significant improvement in LA production. For instance, whey supplemented with whey protein hydrolysate or yeast extract enhanced the LA production and decreased the unused nutrients loss during bioprocessing.

59Several strains have been used for LA production from whey, including Lb. plantarum, Lb. helveticus, Lb. acidophilus, Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lb. casei, L. lactis, and K. marxianus. However, in conventional batch fermentation, there is a long lag phase in LA production from whey. To overcome this problem, a greater fermenter capacity is required, but this subsequently increases the operational costs. On the other hand, continuous whey fermentation (without the requirement of high-volume) allowed obtaining a high LA productivity. Semi-continuous fermentation conditions with nanofiltration membranes for recycling lactose and cells increased twice the LA production. Lactobacillus and Lactococcus genus are the major LA producers who could efficiently utilize lactose and proteins, present in whey, with high conversion rates. Lb. sp. RKY2, Lb. casei NRRL B-441 and L. lactis subsp. cremoris produced LA at 6.34, 3.97 and 4.6 g l−1 h−1; with a yield of 0.98, 0.93 and 0.88 g/g lactose, respectively. Also, B. longum NCFB 2259 could produce LA with a yield of 0.81 g/g whey lactose as a sole medium in a batch fermentation reactor. On the other hand, LA initially present in whey could have an inhibitory effect in whey fermentation which can be reduced to a certain content by the application of mono or dipolar membranes in an electrodialysis system or using a hollow fiber fermenter by a continuous dialysis process.

Yogurt

60There is a huge amount of damaged or expired yogurt as waste products, which could provide a good resource for LA production. Sweetened yogurt contains additional sugars, including sucrose and glucose, which would lead to a higher LA production, in comparison to cheese whey, which has fewer sugars. From yogurt whey LA was obtained with a productivity of 0.76 g/L/h and a yield of 0.9 g/g by Lb. casei ATCC 393 with bioconversion of about 44% of total sugars, with increasing order of consumption glucose > sucrose > lactose.

Industrial waste

61This category includes glycerol from biodiesel industry and petroleum-based polymers. Glycerol is a byproduct of biodiesel industry that can be produced at a weight ratio of 1:10 (glycerol:biodiesel). There is abundantly glycerol being a cheap raw material that could be utilized by several microorganisms, which can convert glycerol to LA, such as Klebsiella pneumonia, Clostridium pasteurianum, Lb. Reuteri, Lb. Brevis, Lb. Buchneri, wild/engineered E. coli. Engineered Enterococcus faecal, and Achromobacter denitrificans NBRC 12669. According to Mazumdar et al. (2010) and Posada et al. (2012a, b), the over expressing pathways in engineered E. coli strains via homofermentative route could convert glycerol to D-lactate.

Microalgae

62Algal biomass is another source for LA production. Some advantages of these substrates include: 1) the richness in carbohydrates, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and proteins; 2) the lignin absence in microalgae could simplify its conversion into fermentable sugars; 3) the growth can be almost anywhere with extremely short harvest cycles of about 1–10 days. 4) The use of microalgae and cyanobacteria is capable to decrease the feedstock cost, as a result of their ability to utilize light energy to fix CO2. The microalga Hydrodictyon reticulum has been utilized as a substrate for the production of L-LA by Lb. paracasei LA104 and Lb. coryniformis subsp. Torquens. Lb. paracasei LA104 and L. coryniformis subsp. torquens, by simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation, achieved values of 37.1 g/l and 36.6 g/l LA and D-LA, respectively, from 80 g Hydrodictyon reticulatum (47.5%). Lipid-free microalgae are good sources for LA production, such as Nannochloropsis salina for Lb. Pentosus, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorell pyrenoidosa, and Dunaliella tertiolecta for L. amylovorus.

Feed stock pretreatment

63Generally, three leading stages could be demonstrated for efficient fermentative LA production mainly (i) feedstock pretreatment, (ii) mixed and other substrates for LA production, (iii) ion requirement.

64The chemical composition of substrate mainly consist of carbon and nitrogen compounds. A lignocellulosic agricultural residue as worldwide resource is comprised of three main polymers: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, linked by covalent and non-covalent bonds. Not only, this organised structure cause to prevent cellulose and hemicelluloses hydrolysis into fermentable sugars, but also inhibit the valorisation of lignin into chemicals. The impacts of various pretreatment methods upon diverse lignocellulosic materials, e.g., wheat straw, corn stover, rice straw, switchgrass, and sugarcane bagasse have been demonstrated. The pretreatment process is extremely crucial stage in lignocellulose bioconversion. If it is too intense, toxic compounds can be generated which prevent microbial metabolism and growth. In contrast, insufficient pretreatment will cause, the resultant residue is not easily saccharified through hydrolytic enzymes. Therefore, pretreatment has a great potential to affect the downstream costs due to enzymatic hydrolysis rates, enzyme loading, determining fermentation toxicity, mixing power, power generation, product purification, product concentrations, waste treatment demands, and other process variables. Numerous pretreatments for lignocellulosic materials are suggested as follow:

Physical pretreatment

65Milling is being conducted for approximately all solid feedstocks to decrease particle size and cause it more accessible to other treatments or hydrolysis.

66Milling is being conducted for approximately all solid feedstocks to decrease particle size and cause it more accessible to other treatments or hydrolysis.

67In order to improve fermentation, hydrolysis of carbohydrates to fermentable sugars is performed to facilitate microorganisms growth and their accessibility for biochemical conversion to LA. The hydrolysis of starchy substrate is carried out by amylolytic enzymes upon gelatinization, liquefaction and saccharification. The optimization of hydrolysis could be conducted for numerous substrates, temperature, time and mixing conditions etc. 2) Liquid hot water and emerging technologies including pulsed electric field, high hydrostatic pressure and high pressure homogenization, ionizing (X-ray, beam) and non-ionizing (microwaves) radiation and non-thermal plasma can be also suitable as pretreatments or co-treatments during hydrolysis in biorefinery processes, predominantly for lignocellulosic substrates and other substrates.

Chemical pretreatment

68Combination of thermal pretreatments with alkaline, lime, organosolv, ammonia fiber explosion and ammonia recycle percolation, ionic liquid, natural deep eutectic solvents are “greener” method, and acids, making changes in all three portions of lignocellulose substrate. Acid treatment was predominantly applied in the hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Dilute acid pretreatment reaction can cleave labile ester groups and catalyze the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds of hemicellulose and lignin. Hydrolysis of both hemicellulose and lignin, in turn, production of toxic by-products. Although, it minimizes the requirement for using hemicellulases, acid hydrolysis cannot be combined with further enzymatic steps. Moreover, thermo-chemical pretreatments are considered as energy demanding and not environment friendly. The major drawback in the production of LA on lignocelluloses is formation of numerous undesirable compounds including furfural, uronic acid, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid lignin or salts can influence microbial growth during fermentation and slow-down the fermentation and increase purification costs.

Biological pretreatments

69This category of pretreatment is greater eco-friendly method than others and consists of various methods including:Utilization of more productive species to decline time necessary for microbial growth and formation of enzymes and hence cause to increase efficiently and economically processes. For instance, basidiomycetes or their enzymes (lignin peroxidase, laccase and manganese peroxidase) to degrade lignocellulosic biomass.Enzymatic hydrolysis is the abundant method to produce fermentable sugars from pretreated lignocellulosic biomass via depolymerizes the polysaccharides in the water-insoluble solid fraction. Therefore, it is critical step to consume polysaccharides as a carbon source by LAB. Cellulases and hemicellulases enzymes can convert cellulose and hemicellulose into soluble sugars, respectively. In order to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency, mixtures of these enzymes are required to improve hemicellulose hydrolysis and then rise the access of cellulase, inducing to a reduced hydrolysis time and process cost. Effective degradation and saccharification of cellulose demand a synergistic reaction of the 3 categories of cellulolytic enzymes in order: (i) Endo-β-1,4-glucanases (EG; EC 3.2.1.3) can randomly dissociate accessible intramolecular β -1,4-glucosidic bonds of cellulose chains, generating a new reducing and non-reducing chain end pair. (ii) Exo- β -1,4-glucanases or cellobiohydrolases (CBH; EC 3.2.1.91) can hydrolyze cellulose chains at the ends of the polymer, forming soluble cellobiose or glucose. (iii) β -Glucosidases (β -G; EC 3.2.1.21) (cellobiases) are capable complete the hydrolysis by cleaving cellobiose into 2 glucose molecules. They are also active on cellooligosaccharides. Besides, there are accessory or “helper” enzymes that play a main role in hydrolysis by clearing the access of the leading enzymes to cellulose due to attack hemicellulose and lignin. Xylan does not generate tight crystalline structures, so the substrate is more easily accessible. However, in contrast to cellulose, xylans are chemically quite complex, and their hydrolysis needs multiple enzymes. Enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicellulose was performed by β -xylosidase, endo-1,4- β -xylanase, β - glucuronidase, α -l-arabinofuranosidase, galactomannanase, glucomannanase and acetylxylan esterase, which act on xylan cleavage and saccharification. β -mannanase and β -mannosidase, which cause to cleave the glucomannan polymer backbone. The hydrolytic efficiency of lignocellulose substantially improved by utilizing combinations of the 3 enzymes, 2 cellulases, and 1 xylanase.

70Utilization of more productive species to decline time necessary for microbial growth and formation of enzymes and hence cause to increase efficiently and economically processes. For instance, basidiomycetes or their enzymes (lignin peroxidase, laccase and manganese peroxidase) to degrade lignocellulosic biomass.

71Enzymatic hydrolysis is the abundant method to produce fermentable sugars from pretreated lignocellulosic biomass via depolymerizes the polysaccharides in the water-insoluble solid fraction. Therefore, it is critical step to consume polysaccharides as a carbon source by LAB. Cellulases and hemicellulases enzymes can convert cellulose and hemicellulose into soluble sugars, respectively. In order to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency, mixtures of these enzymes are required to improve hemicellulose hydrolysis and then rise the access of cellulase, inducing to a reduced hydrolysis time and process cost. Effective degradation and saccharification of cellulose demand a synergistic reaction of the 3 categories of cellulolytic enzymes in order: (i) Endo-β-1,4-glucanases (EG; EC 3.2.1.3) can randomly dissociate accessible intramolecular β -1,4-glucosidic bonds of cellulose chains, generating a new reducing and non-reducing chain end pair. (ii) Exo- β -1,4-glucanases or cellobiohydrolases (CBH; EC 3.2.1.91) can hydrolyze cellulose chains at the ends of the polymer, forming soluble cellobiose or glucose. (iii) β -Glucosidases (β -G; EC 3.2.1.21) (cellobiases) are capable complete the hydrolysis by cleaving cellobiose into 2 glucose molecules. They are also active on cellooligosaccharides. Besides, there are accessory or “helper” enzymes that play a main role in hydrolysis by clearing the access of the leading enzymes to cellulose due to attack hemicellulose and lignin. Xylan does not generate tight crystalline structures, so the substrate is more easily accessible. However, in contrast to cellulose, xylans are chemically quite complex, and their hydrolysis needs multiple enzymes. Enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicellulose was performed by β -xylosidase, endo-1,4- β -xylanase, β - glucuronidase, α -l-arabinofuranosidase, galactomannanase, glucomannanase and acetylxylan esterase, which act on xylan cleavage and saccharification. β -mannanase and β -mannosidase, which cause to cleave the glucomannan polymer backbone. The hydrolytic efficiency of lignocellulose substantially improved by utilizing combinations of the 3 enzymes, 2 cellulases, and 1 xylanase.

Mixed and other substrates for LA production

72Wastes or by-products are main representatives of mixed substrates with different composition of carbohydrates and proteins. Meanwhile, they contain low nutritional values, so require additional fortification and often some treatment. Inhibitory or toxic components in these media have to be evaluated, also. Instead of consumption yeast extract or other Unconventional and expensive nitrogen sources, numerous agricultural residues or byproducts namely soya bean hydrolysate, corn steep liquor, corn meal and wheat bran hydrolysate, chicken feather hydrolysate, by-products from malting and brewing and oil production can be utilized as cheaper nitrogen sources (Table 1). Substantial studies were demonstrated in the case of free amino nitrogen content such as amino acids, and phosphate to LA production. Complementary substrates in nitrogen and carbohydrate sources were combined for LA fermentation. For instance sugar beet molasses (rich in carbohydrates) and distillery stillage from bioethanol production from waste potato (rich in nitrogen source) were used for LA production by Lactobacillus paracasei. Many studies have shown that how to determine carbon to nitrogen ratio and correlate it with LA productivity. Carbon/nitrogen ratio significantly effects on LA yield and cell growth. When the carbon and nitrogen content are provided only from fermentable sugars and free amino nitrogen content, accurate optimization of media composition for LA production would be performed.

Ion requirement

73It is obvious that metals play a key role in the biological processes, such as activating major enzymes in metabolisms as cofactor, improving the growth of microbial cells and activation of organic acid synthesis by fungal and bacterial species.

Copper

74Copper (II) by far has acted as a cofactor within numerous copper-dependent enzymes. Furthermore, the microbial populations including LAB are more affected in the presence of copper (II). There are several hypotheses to improve lactic acid production in the presence of copper: a) it was proved that copper (II) inhibited the conversion of D-lactic acid to pyruvate via preventing the activity of NAD independent D-lactate dehydrogenas (id-LDH) in the pure culture, b) carbohydrate hydrolysis and glycolysis pathway were both strengthened that resulted in the promoting of lactic acid production from organic waste. The amount of copper (Cu-15; 15 μM/g, Cu-30; 30 μM/g and Cu-70; 70 μM/g) influence on the production of lactic acid (23.21 g/L), (17.44 g/L) and (16.53 g/L), respectively. It is indicated that the maximum concentration of lactic acid increased in the presence of copper compared to that of Blank (13.11 g/L). Nevertheless, continuously raising the copper level gradually reduced the production of lactic acid imply that that 70 μM-Cu2+/g VSS might exceed the tolerance of Lactobacillus and variation of functional genes revealed that the suggested homeostatic system towards copper (II) was activated at pretty low content that cause to facilitate the membrane transport function as well as carbohydrate metabolism.

Zinc

75Regarding to Mumtaz et al., 2019, ZnO solubilization was associated to the synthesis of specific organic acids like Lactic and acetic acids. The culture medium was acidified and then ZnO solubilized. Two Zn- and acid-tolerant strains. Rhizosphere isolate Bacillus sp. ZM20 and B. cereus culture-collection strain generated various organic acids at a remarkably greater content than less tolerant strains when cultured in the presence of inhibitory but non-lethal levels of ZnO. It is supposed that the enhanced synthesis of these acids is due to a generalized stress response.

Conclusions

76The capacity of several microorganisms for production of LA was studied. Some of these microorganisms such as LAB require complex nutrients and low fermentation temperatures, which lead to increased costs and contamination risk. However, some of them like Bacillus spp., reduce the LA production cost due to fewer nutrition demands and a high temperature of fermentation. Agro-industrial waste or sub-products with a lower value such as molasses, juices waste, starchy biomass, agricultural residues, forestry residues that are rich in mono and disaccharides, which in some cases need to be hydrolysed by pectinases to enhanced the LA production. To use dairy wastes as a substrate, mainly whey, it is necessary to use an enriched mediums, due to insufficient proteolytic enzyme activity.

Author contribution statement

77All authors listed have significantly contributed to the development and the writing of this article.

Funding statement

78This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Competing interest statement

79The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

80No additional information is available for this paper.

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Hassan S.E.-D., Abdel-Rahman M.A., Roushdy M.M., Azab M.S., Gaber M.A. Effective biorefinery approach for lactic acid production based on cofermentation of mixed organic wastes by Enterococcus durans BP130. Biocataly. Agric. Biotechnol. 2019;20:101203.
Not in our library
13.
Abdel-Rahman M.A., Tashiro Y., Sonomoto K. Recent advances in lactic acid production by microbial fermentation processes. Biotechnol. Adv. 2013;31:877-902.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.04.002
14.
Abdel-Rahman M.A., Tashiro Y., Sonomoto K. Lactic acid production from lignocellulose-derived sugars using lactic acid bacteria: overview and limits. J. Biotechnol. 2011;156:286-301.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.06.017
15.
Abdel-Rahman M.A., Tashiro Y., Zendo T., Sonomoto K. Improved lactic acid productivity by an open repeated batch fermentation system using Enterococcus mundtii QU 25. RSC Adv. 2013;3:8437-8445.
Not in our library
16.
Meng Y., Xue Y., Yu B., Gao C., Ma Y. Efficient production of L-lactic acid with high optical purity by alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. WL-S20. Bioresour. Technol. 2012;116:334-339.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.103
17.
Patel M.A., Ou M.S., Harbrucker R., Aldrich H.C., Buszko M.L., Ingram L.O., Shanmugam K. Isolation and characterization of acid-tolerant, thermophilic bacteria for effective fermentation of biomass-derived sugars to lactic acid. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2006;72:3228-3235.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.72.5.3228-3235.2006
18.
Authority E.F.S. The maintenance of the list of QPS microorganisms intentionally added to food or feed-Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards. EFSA J. 2008;6:923.
Not in our library
19.
Bischoff K.M., Liu S., Hughes S.R., Rich J.O. Fermentation of corn fiber hydrolysate to lactic acid by the moderate thermophile Bacillus coagulans. Biotechnol. Lett. 2010;32:823-828.
Not in our library10.1007/s10529-010-0222-z
20.
Budhavaram N.K., Fan Z. Production of lactic acid from paper sludge using acid-tolerant, thermophilic Bacillus coagulan strains. Bioresour. Technol. 2009;100:5966-5972.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.080
21.
Hu J., Zhang Z., Lin Y., Zhao S., Mei Y., Liang Y., Peng N. High-titer lactic acid production from NaOH-pretreated corn stover by Bacillus coagulans LA204 using fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation under non-sterile condition. Bioresour. Technol. 2015;182:251-257.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.008
22.
Ma K., Maeda T., You H., Shirai Y. Open fermentative production of l-lactic acid with high optical purity by thermophilic Bacillus coagulans using excess sludge as nutrient. Bioresour. Technol. 2014;151:28-35.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.022
23.
Maas R.H., Springer J., Eggink G., Weusthuis R.A. Xylose metabolism in the fungus Rhizopus oryzae: effect of growth and respiration on L (+)-lactic acid production. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008;35:569-578.
Not in our library10.1007/s10295-008-0318-9
24.
Michelson T., Kask K., Jõgi E., Talpsep E., Suitso I., Nurk A. L (+)-Lactic acid producer Bacillus coagulans SIM-7 DSM 14043 and its comparison with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis DSM 20073. Enzym. Microb. Technol. 2006;39:861-867.
Not in our library
25.
Ouyang J., Cai C., Chen H., Jiang T., Zheng Z. Efficient non-sterilized fermentation of biomass-derived xylose to lactic acid by a thermotolerant Bacillus coagulans NL01. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2012;168:2387-2397.
Not in our library10.1007/s12010-012-9944-9
26.
Rosenberg M., Rebroš M., Krištofíková L., Malátová K. High temperature lactic acid production by Bacillus coagulans immobilized in LentiKats. Biotechnol. Lett. 2005;27:1943-1947.
Not in our library10.1007/s10529-005-3907-y
27.
Sakai K., Ezaki Y. Open L-lactic acid fermentation of food refuse using thermophilic Bacillus coagulans and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of microflora. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2006;101:457-463.
Not in our library10.1263/jbb.101.457
28.
Walton S.L., Bischoff K.M., van Heiningen A.R., van Walsum G.P. Production of lactic acid from hemicellulose extracts by Bacillus coagulans MXL-9. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010;37:823-830.
Not in our library10.1007/s10295-010-0727-4
29.
Wang L., Zhao B., Liu B., Yu B., Ma C., Su F., Hua D., Li Q., Ma Y., Xu P. Efficient production of L-lactic acid from corncob molasses, a waste by-product in xylitol production, by a newly isolated xylose utilizing Bacillus sp. strain. Bioresour. Technol. 2010;101:7908-7915.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.031
30.
Wang Y., Deng W., Wang B., Zhang Q., Wan X., Tang Z., Wang Y., Zhu C., Cao Z., Wang G. Chemical synthesis of lactic acid from cellulose catalysed by lead (II) ions in water. Nat. Commun. 2013;4:2141.
Not in our library10.1038/ncomms3141
31.
Ye L., Hudari M.S.B., Zhou X., Zhang D., Li Z., Wu J.C. Conversion of acid hydrolysate of oil palm empty fruit bunch to L-lactic acid by newly isolated Bacillus coagulans JI12. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2013;97:4831-4838.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-013-4788-y
32.
Ye L., Zhao H., Li Z., Wu J.C. Improved acid tolerance of Lactobacillus pentosus by error-prone whole genome amplification. Bioresour. Technol. 2013;135:459-463.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.042
33.
Zhang Y., Chen X., Luo J., Qi B., Wan Y. An efficient process for lactic acid production from wheat straw by a newly isolated Bacillus coagulans strain IPE22. Bioresour. Technol. 2014;158:396-399.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.128
34.
Sakai K., Yamanami T. Thermotolerant Bacillus licheniformis TY7 produces optically active L-lactic acid from kitchen refuse under open condition. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2006;102:132-134.
Not in our library10.1263/jbb.102.132
35.
Wang Q., Zhao X., Chamu J., Shanmugam K. Isolation, characterization and evolution of 2243 a new thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis for lactic acid production in mineral salts 2244 medium. Bioresour. Technol. 2011;102:8128-8152.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.003
36.
Gao T., Wong Y., Ng C., Ho K. L-lactic acid production by Bacillus subtilis MUR1. Bioresour. Technol. 2012;121:105-110.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.108
37.
Peng L., Wang L., Che C., Yang G., Yu B., Ma Y. Bacillus sp. strain P38: an efficient producer of L-lactate from cellulosic hydrolysate, with high tolerance for 2-furfural. Bioresour. Technol. 2013;149:169-176.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.047
38.
Qin J., Wang X., Zheng Z., Ma C., Tang H., Xu P. Production of L-lactic acid by a thermophilic Bacillus mutant using sodium hydroxide as neutralizing agent. Bioresour. Technol. 2010;101:7570-7576.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.037
39.
Qin J., Zhao B., Wang X., Wang L., Yu B., Ma Y., Ma C., Tang H., Sun J., Xu P. Non-sterilized fermentative production of polymer-grade L-lactic acid by a newly isolated thermophilic strain Bacillus sp. 2–6. PloS One. 2009;4:e4359.
Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0004359
40.
Zhao B., Wang L., Ma C., Yang C., Xu P., Ma Y. Repeated open fermentative production of optically pure L-lactic acid using a thermophilic Bacillus sp. strain. Bioresour. Technol. 2010;101:6494-6498.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.051
41.
Inui M., Murakami S., Okino S., Kawaguchi H., Vertès A.A., Yukawa H. Metabolic analysis of Corynebacterium glutamicum during lactate and succinate productions under oxygen deprivation conditions. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2004;7:182-196.
Not in our library10.1159/000079827
42.
Jia X., Liu P., Li S., Li S., Wen J. D-lactic acid production by a genetically engineered strain Corynebacterium glutamicum. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2011;27:2117-2124.
Not in our library
43.
Okino S., Suda M., Fujikura K., Inui M., Yukawa H. Production of D-lactic acid by Corynebacterium glutamicum under oxygen deprivation. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008;78:449-454.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-007-1336-7
44.
Sasaki M., Jojima T., Inui M., Yukawa H. Simultaneous utilization of D-cellobiose, D-glucose, and D-xylose by recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum under oxygen-deprived conditions. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008;81:691-699.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-008-1703-z
45.
Kawaguchi H., Sasaki M., Vertès A.A., Inui M., Yukawa H. Engineering of an L-arabinose metabolic pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008;77:1053-1062.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-007-1244-x
46.
Kawaguchi H., Vertes A.A., Okino S., Inui M., Yukawa H. Engineering of a xylose metabolic pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2006;72:3418-3428.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.72.5.3418-3428.2006
47.
Okano K., Tanaka T., Ogino C., Fukuda H., Kondo A. Biotechnological production of enantiomeric pure lactic acid from renewable resources: recent achievements, perspectives, and limits. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010;85:413-423.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-009-2280-5
48.
Okino S., Inui M., Yukawa H. Production of organic acids by Corynebacterium glutamicum under oxygen deprivation. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2005;68:475-480.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-005-1900-y
49.
Yukawa H., Omumasaba C.A., Nonaka H., Kos P., Okai N., Suzuki N., Suda M., Tsuge Y., Watanabe J., Ikeda Y. Comparative analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum group and complete genome sequence of strain R. Microbiology. 2007;153:1042-1058.
Not in our library10.1099/mic.0.2006/003657-0
50.
Song Y., Matsumoto K.i., Yamada M., Gohda A., Brigham C.J., Sinskey A.J., Taguchi S. Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum as an endotoxin-free platform strain for lactate-based polyester production. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2012;93:1917-1925.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-011-3718-0
51.
Chai X., Shang X., Zhang Y., Liu S., Liang Y., Zhang Y., Wen T. A novel pyruvate kinase and its application in lactic acid production under oxygen deprivation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. BMC Biotechnol. 2016;16:79.
Not in our library10.1186/s12896-016-0313-6
52.
Zhou S., Causey T., Hasona A., Shanmugam K., Ingram L. Production of optically pure D-lactic acid in mineral salts medium by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli W3110. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003;69:399-407.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.69.1.399-407.2003
53.
Mazumdar S., Blankschien M.D., Clomburg J.M., Gonzalez R. Efficient synthesis of L-lactic acid from glycerol by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Microb. Cell Factories. 2013;12:7.
Not in our library10.1186/1475-2859-12-7
54.
Wang Y., Tian T., Zhao J., Wang J., Yan T., Xu L., Liu Z., Garza E., Iverson A., Manow R. Homofermentative production of d-lactic acid from sucrose by a metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Lett. 2012;34:2069-2075.
Not in our library10.1007/s10529-012-1003-7
55.
Zhou S., Yomano L., Shanmugam K., Ingram L. Fermentation of 10%(w/v) sugar to D (−)-lactate by engineered Escherichia coli B. Biotechnol. Lett. 2005;27:1891-1896.
Not in our library10.1007/s10529-005-3899-7
56.
Dien B., Nichols N., Bothast R. Recombinant Escherichia coli engineered for production of L-lactic acid from hexose and pentose sugars. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2001;27:259-264.
Not in our library10.1038/sj.jim.7000195
57.
Zhou S., Shanmugam K., Ingram L. Functional replacement of the Escherichia coli D-(−)-lactate dehydrogenase gene (ldhA) with the L-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase gene (ldhL) from Pediococcus acidilactici. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003;69:2237-2244.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.69.4.2237-2244.2003
58.
Zhu Y., Eiteman M., DeWitt K., Altman E. Homolactate fermentation by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007;73:456-464.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.02022-06
59.
Mazumdar S., Clomburg J.M., Gonzalez R. Escherichia coli strains engineered for homofermentative production of D-lactic acid from glycerol. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2010;76:4327-4336.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.00664-10
60.
Wang Q., Chamu Z.X.J., Shanmugam K. Isolation, characterization and evolution of 2243 a new thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis for lactic acid production in mineral salts 2244 medium. Bioresour. Technol. 2011;102:8128-8152.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.003
61.
Meussen B.J., de Graaff L.H., Sanders J.P., Weusthuis R.A. Metabolic engineering of Rhizopus oryzae for the production of platform chemicals. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2012;94:875-886.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-012-4033-0
62.
Bai D.-M., Li S.-Z., Liu Z.L., Cui Z.-F. Enhanced l-(+)-lactic acid production by an adapted strain of Rhizopus oryzae using corncob hydrolysate. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2008;144:79-85.
Not in our library10.1007/s12010-007-8078-y
63.
Miura S., Arimura T., Itoda N., Dwiarti L., Feng J.B., Bin C.H., Okabe M. Production of L-lactic acid from corncob. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2004;97:153-157.
Not in our library10.1016/s1389-1723(04)70184-x
64.
Moldes A., Alonso J., Parajo J. Multi-step feeding systems for lactic acid production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of processed wood. Bioprocess Eng. 2000;22:175-180.
Not in our library
65.
Ruengruglikit C., Hang Y. L (+)-lactic acid production from corncobs by Rhizopus oryzae NRRL-395. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 2003;36:573-575.
Not in our library
66.
Maas R.H., Bakker R.R., Eggink G., Weusthuis R.A. Lactic acid production from xylose by the fungus Rhizopus oryzae. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2006;72:861-868.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-006-0379-5
67.
Saitoh S., Ishida N., Onishi T., Tokuhiro K., Nagamori E., Kitamoto K., Takahashi H. Genetically engineered wine yeast produces a high concentration of L-lactic acid of extremely high optical purity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2005;71:2789-2792.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.71.5.2789-2792.2005
68.
Park E.Y., Anh P.N., Okuda N. Bioconversion of waste office paper to L (+)-lactic acid by the filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae. Bioresour. Technol. 2004;93:77-83.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2003.08.017
69.
Saito K., Hasa Y., Abe H. Production of lactic acid from xylose and wheat straw by Rhizopus oryzae. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2012;114:166-169.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.03.007
70.
Taherzadeh M.J., Fox M., Hjorth H., Edebo L. Production of mycelium biomass and ethanol from paper pulp sulfite liquor by Rhizopus oryzae. Bioresour. Technol. 2003;88:167-177.
Not in our library10.1016/s0960-8524(03)00010-5
71.
Taskin M., Esim N., Ortucu S. Efficient production of l-lactic acid from chicken feather protein hydrolysate and sugar beet molasses by the newly isolated Rhizopus oryzae TS-61. Food Bioprod. Process. 2012;90:773-779.
Not in our library
72.
Thongchul N., Navankasattusas S., Yang S.-T. Production of lactic acid and ethanol by Rhizopus oryzae integrated with cassava pulp hydrolysis. Bioproc. Biosyst. Eng. 2010;33:407-416.
Not in our library10.1007/s00449-009-0341-x
73.
Liu Y., Liao W. S.-l. Chen, Co-production of lactic acid and chitin using a pelletized filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae cultured on cull potatoes and glucose. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2008;105:1521-1528.
Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03913.x
74.
Vodnar D.C., Dulf F.V., Pop O.L., Socaciu C. L (+)-lactic acid production by pellet-form Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 395 on biodiesel crude glycerol. Microb. Cell Factories. 2013;12:92.
Not in our library10.1186/1475-2859-12-92
75.
Jin B., Huang L.P., Lant P. Rhizopus arrhizus–a producer for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starch waste materials to L (+)-lactic acid. Biotechnol. Lett. 2003;25:1983-1987.
Not in our library10.1023/b:bile.0000004389.53388.d0
76.
Bulut S., Elibol M., Ozer D. Effect of different carbon sources on L (+)-lactic acid production by Rhizopus oryzae. Biochem. Eng. J. 2004;21:33-37.
Not in our library
77.
Marták J., Schlosser Š., Sabolová E., Krištofíková L., Rosenberg M. Fermentation of lactic acid with Rhizopus arrhizus in a stirred tank reactor with a periodical bleed and feed operation. Process Biochem. 2003;38:1573-1583.
Not in our library
78.
Oda Y., Yajima Y., Kinoshita M., Ohnishi M. Differences of Rhizopus oryzae strains in organic acid synthesis and fatty acid composition. Food Microbiol. 2003;20:371-375.
Not in our library
79.
Zhang Z.Y., Jin B., Kelly J.M. Production of lactic acid from renewable materials by Rhizopus fungi. Biochem. Eng. J. 2007;35:251-263.
Not in our library
80.
Liu T., Miura S., Yaguchi M., Arimura T., Park E.Y., Okabe M. Scale-up of L-Lactic acid production by mutant strain Rhizopus sp. Mk-96-1196 from 0.003 m3 to 5 m3 in airlift bioreactors. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2006;101:9-12.
Not in our library10.1263/jbb.101.9
81.
Liu Y., Liao W., Liu C., Chen S. Optimization of L-(+)-lactic acid production using pelletized filamentous Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 395. Twenty-Seventh Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. 2006;844-853.
Not in our library
82.
Maneeboon T., Vanichsriratana W., Pomchaitaward C., Kitpreechavanich V. Optimization of lactic acid production by pellet-form Rhizopus oryzae in 3-L airlift bioreactor using response surface methodology. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2010;161:137-146.
Not in our library10.1007/s12010-009-8860-0
83.
Bai D.-M., Wei Q., Yan Z.-H., Zhao X.-M., Li X.-G., Xu S.-M. Fed-batch fermentation of Lactobacillus lactis for hyper-production of L-lactic acid. Biotechnol. Lett. 2003;25:1833-1835.
Not in our library10.1023/a:1026276925649
84.
Wu X., Jiang S., Liu M., Pan L., Zheng Z., Luo S. Production of l-lactic acid by Rhizopus oryzae using semicontinuous fermentation in bioreactor. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2011;38:565-571.
Not in our library10.1007/s10295-010-0804-8
85.
Efremenko E., Spiricheva O., Varfolomeyev S., Lozinsky V. Rhizopus oryzae fungus cells producing L (+)-lactic acid: kinetic and metabolic parameters of free and PVA-cryogel-entrapped mycelium. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2006;72:480-485.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-005-0297-y
86.
Tay A., Yang S.T. Production of L (+)-lactic acid from glucose and starch by immobilized cells of Rhizopus oryzae in a rotating fibrous bed bioreactor. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2002;80:1-12.
Not in our library10.1002/bit.10340
87.
Litchfield J., SchaechterMosel O. Lactic acid, microbially produced. Encyclopedia of Microbiology. 2009;362-372.
Not in our library
88.
Magnuson J.K., Lasure L.L. Organic Acid Production by Filamentous Fungi, Advances in Fungal Biotechnology for Industry, Agriculture, and Medicine. 2004;307-340.
Not in our library
89.
Vink E.T., Davies S., Kolstad J.J. The eco-profile for current Ingeo® polylactide production. Ind. Biotechnol. 2010;6:212-224.
Not in our library
90.
Thitiprasert S., Sooksai S., Thongchul N. In vivo regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase in Rhizopus oryzae to improve L-lactic acid fermentation. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2011;164:1305-1322.
Not in our library10.1007/s12010-011-9214-2
91.
Ge X.-Y., Qian H., Zhang W.-G. Improvement of l-lactic acid production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by mixed culture of Aspergillus Niger and Lactobacillus sp. Bioresour. Technol. 2009;100:1872-1874.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.049
92.
van Maris A.J., Winkler A.A., Porro D., van Dijken J.P., Pronk J.T. Homofermentative lactate production cannot sustain anaerobic growth of engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae: possible consequence of energy-dependent lactate export. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2004;70:2898-2905.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.70.5.2898-2905.2004
93.
Bianchi M., Brambilla L., Protani F., Liu C.-L., Lievense J., Porro D. Efficient homolactic fermentation byKluyveromyces lactis strains defective in pyruvate utilization and transformed with the HeterologousLDH gene. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2001;67:5621-5625.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.67.12.5621-5625.2001
94.
Colombié S., Sablayrolles J.-M. Nicotinic acid controls lactate production by K1-LDH: a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain expressing a bacterial LDH gene. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2004;31:209-215.
Not in our library10.1007/s10295-004-0138-5
95.
Ishida N., Suzuki T., Tokuhiro K., Nagamori E., Onishi T., Saitoh S., Kitamoto K., Takahashi H. D-Lactic acid production by metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2006;101:172-177.
Not in our library10.1263/jbb.101.172
96.
Skory C.D. Lactic acid production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a Rhizopus oryzae lactate dehydrogenase gene. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2003;30:22-27.
Not in our library10.1007/s10295-002-0004-2
97.
Tokuhiro K., Ishida N., Nagamori E., Saitoh S., Onishi T., Kondo A., Takahashi H. Double mutation of the PDC1 and ADH1 genes improves lactate production in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the bovine lactate dehydrogenase gene. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2009;82:883-890.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-008-1831-5
98.
Valli M., Sauer M., Branduardi P., Borth N., Porro D., Mattanovich D. Improvement of lactic acid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by cell sorting for high intracellular pH. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2006;72:5492-5499.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.00683-06
99.
Osawa F., Fujii T., Nishida T., Tada N., Ohnishi T., Kobayashi O., Komeda T., Yoshida S. Efficient production of L-lactic acid by Crabtree-negative yeast Candida boidinii. Yeast. 2009;26:485-496.
Not in our library10.1002/yea.1702
100.
Ilmén M., Koivuranta K., Ruohonen L., Suominen P., Penttilä M. Efficient production of L-lactic acid from xylose by Pichia stipitis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2007;73:117-123.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.01311-06
101.
Branduardi P., Valli M., Brambilla L., Sauer M., Alberghina L., Porro D. The yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii: a new host for heterologous protein production, secretion and for metabolic engineering applications. FEMS Yeast Res. 2004;4:493-504.
Not in our library10.1016/s1567-1356(03)00200-9
102.
Ilmén M., Koivuranta K., Ruohonen L., Rajgarhia V., Suominen P., Penttilä M. Production of L-lactic acid by the yeast Candida sonorensis expressing heterologous bacterial and fungal lactate dehydrogenases. Microb. Cell Factories. 2013;12:53.
Not in our library10.1186/1475-2859-12-53
103.
Koivuranta K.T., Ilmén M., Wiebe M.G., Ruohonen L., Suominen P., Penttilä M. L-lactic acid production from D-xylose with Candida sonorensis expressing a heterologous lactate dehydrogenase encoding gene. Microb. Cell Factories. 2014;13:107.
Not in our library10.1186/s12934-014-0107-2
104.
Ikushima S., Fujii T., Kobayashi O., Yoshida S., Yoshida A. Genetic engineering of Candida utilis yeast for efficient production of L-lactic acid. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2009;73:1818-1824.
Not in our library10.1271/bbb.90186
105.
Pecota D.C., Rajgarhia V., Da Silva N.A. Sequential gene integration for the engineering of Kluyveromyces marxianus. J. Biotechnol. 2007;127:408-416.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.07.031
106.
Hause B., Rajgarhia V., Suominen P. Methods and materials for the production of L-lactic acid in yeast. Google Patents. 2009.
Not in our library
107.
Dato L., Branduardi P., Passolunghi S., Cattaneo D., Riboldi L., Frascotti G., Valli M., Porro D. Advances in molecular tools for the use of Zygosaccharomyces bailii as host for biotechnological productions and construction of the first auxotrophic mutant. FEMS Yeast Res. 2010;10:894-908.
Not in our library10.1111/j.1567-1364.2010.00668.x
108.
Juturu V., Wu J.C. Microbial production of lactic acid: the latest development. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 2016;36:967-977.
Not in our library10.3109/07388551.2015.1066305
109.
Hirayama S., Ueda R. Production of optically pure D-lactic acid by Nannochlorum sp. 26A4. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2004;119:71-77.
Not in our library10.1385/abab:119:1:71
110.
Talukder M.M.R., Das P., Wu J.C. Microalgae (Nannochloropsis salina) biomass to lactic acid and lipid. Biochem. Eng. J. 2012;68:109-113.
Not in our library
111.
Angermayr S.A., Paszota M., Hellingwerf K.J. Engineering a cyanobacterial cell factory for the production of lactic acid. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. AEM. 2012;1512-1587.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.01587-12
112.
Lopez-Gomez J.P., Latorre-Sanchez M., Unger P., Schneider R., Coll Lozano C., Venus J. Assessing the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes for the production of lactic acid. Biochem. Eng. J. 2019;150:107251.
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113.
Tashiro Y., Matsumoto H., Miyamoto H., Okugawa Y., Pramod P., Miyamoto H., Sakai K. A novel production process for optically pure L-lactic acid from kitchen refuse using a bacterial consortium at high temperatures. Bioresour. Technol. 2013;146:672-681.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.102
114.
Zhang B., He P., Ye N., Shao L. Enhanced isomer purity of lactic acid from the nonsterile fermentation of kitchen wastes. Bioresour. Technol. 2008;99:855-862.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.010
115.
Kwan T.H., Pleissner D., Lau K.Y., Venus J., Pommeret A., Lin C.S.K. Technoeconomic analysis of a food waste valorization process via microalgae cultivation and coproduction of plasticizer, lactic acid and animal feed from algal biomass and food waste. Bioresour. Technol. 2015;198:292-299.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.003
116.
Pleissner D., Lam W.C., Sun Z., Lin C.S.K. Food waste as nutrient source in heterotrophic microalgae cultivation. Bioresour. Technol. 2013;137:139-146.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.088
117.
Kitpreechavanich V., Hayami A., Talek A., Chin C.F.S., Tashiro Y., Sakai K. Simultaneous production of L-lactic acid with high optical activity and a soil amendment with food waste that demonstrates plant growth promoting activity. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2016;122:105-110.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.12.017
118.
Tashiro Y., Inokuchi S., Poudel P., Okugawa Y., Miyamoto H., Miayamoto H., Sakai K. Novel pH control strategy for efficient production of optically active L -lactic acid fromkitchen refuse using a mixed culture system. Bioresour. Technol. 2016;216:52-59.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.031
119.
Neu A., Pleissner D., Mehlmann K., Schneider R., Puerta-quintero G.I., Venus J. Fermentative utilization of coffee mucilage using Bacillus coagulans and investigation of down-stream processing of fermentation broth for optically pure L(+)-lactic acid production. Bioresour. Technol. 2016;211:398-405.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.122
120.
Tang J., Wang X.C., Hu Y., Ngo H.H., Li Y. Dynamic membrane-assisted fermentation of food wastes for enhancing lactic acid production. Bioresour. Technol. 2017;234:40-47.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.019
121.
Pleissner D., Neu A.-K., Mehlmann K., Schneider R., Puerta-Quintero G.I., Venus J. Fermentative lactic acid production from coffee pulp hydrolysate using Bacillus coagulans at laboratory and pilot scales. Bioresour. Technol. 2016;218:167-173.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.078
122.
Li Y., Cui F. Microbial Lactic Acid Production from Renewable Resources, Sustainable Biotechnology. 2010;211-228.
Not in our library
123.
Dumbrepatil A., Adsul M., Chaudhari S., Khire J., Gokhale D. Utilization of molasses sugar for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii mutant Uc-3 in batch fermentation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2008;74:333-335.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.01595-07
124.
Bhatt S., Srivastava S. Lactic acid production from cane molasses by Lactobacillus delbrueckii NCIM 2025 in submerged condition: optimization of medium component by Taguchi DOE methodology. Food Biotechnol. 2008;22:115-139.
Not in our library
125.
Kotzamanidis C., Roukas T., Skaracis G. Optimization of lactic acid production from beet molasses by Lactobacillus delbrueckii NCIMB 8130. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2002;18:441-448.
Not in our library
126.
Rangaswamy V., Ramakrishna S. Lactic acid production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii in a dual reactor system using packed bed biofilm reactor. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2008;46:661-666.
Not in our library10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02362.x
127.
Coelho L., De Lima C., Rodovalho C., Bernardo M., Contiero J. Lactic acid production by new Lactobacillus plantarum LMISM6 grown in molasses: optimization of medium composition. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 2011;28:27-36.
Not in our library
128.
Zhang Z.Y., Jin B., Kelly J.M. Production of L (+)-lactic acid using acid-adapted precultures of Rhizopus arrhizus in a stirred tank reactor. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2008;149:265-276.
Not in our library10.1007/s12010-007-8126-7
129.
Chaisu K., Charles A.L., Guu Y.-K., Yen T.-B., Chiu C.-H. Optimization lactic acid production from molasses renewable raw material through response surface methodology with Lactobacillus casei M-15. APCBEE Proc. 2014;8:194-198.
Not in our library
130.
Wee Y.-J., Yun J.-S., Park D.-H., Ryu H.-W. Biotechnological production of L (+)-lactic acid from wood hydrolyzate by batch fermentation of Enterococcus faecalis. Biotechnol. Lett. 2004;26:71-74.
Not in our library10.1023/b:bile.0000009464.23026.e0
131.
Shukla V., Zhou S., Yomano L., Shanmugam K., Preston J., Ingram L. Production of d (−)-lactate from sucrose and molasses. Biotechnol. Lett. 2004;26:689-693.
Not in our library10.1023/b:bile.0000024088.36803.4e
132.
Visser D., Van Breugel J., De Bruijn J.M., A'campo P. Lactic acid production from concentrated raw sugar beet juice. Google Patents. 2012.
Not in our library
133.
Nancib A., Nancib N., Boudrant J. Production of lactic acid from date juice extract with free cells of single and mixed cultures of Lactobacillus casei and Lactococcus lactis. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2009;25:1423-1429.
Not in our library
134.
de Oliveira R.A., Eduardo Vaz Rossell A.K.C., Filho R.M. Challenges and opportunities in lactic acid bioprocess design—from economic to production aspects. Biochem. Eng. J. 2018;15:219-239.
Not in our library
135.
Vink E.T., Glassner D.A., Kolstad J.J., Wooley R.J., O’Connor R.P. The eco-profiles for current and near-future NatureWorks® polylactide (PLA) production. Ind. Biotechnol. 2007;3:58-81.
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136.
Oh H., Wee Y.-J., Yun J.-S., Han S.H., Jung S., Ryu H.-W. Lactic acid production from agricultural resources as cheap raw materials. Bioresour. Technol. 2005;96:1492-1498.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2004.11.020
137.
Vishnu C., Seenayya G., Reddy G. Direct fermentation of various pure and crude starchy substrates to L (+) lactic acid using Lactobacillus amylophilus GV6. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2002;18:429-433.
Not in our library
138.
Oda Y., Saito K., Yamauchi H., Mori M. Lactic acid fermentation of potato pulp by the fungus Rhizopus oryzae. Curr. Microbiol. 2002;45:1-4.
Not in our library10.1007/s00284-001-0048-y
139.
Huang L.P., Jin B., Lant P., Zhou J. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of potato starch wastewater to lactic acid by Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus arrhizus. Biochem. Eng. J. 2005;23:265-276.
Not in our library10.1007/s00449-005-0398-0
140.
Yun J.-S., Wee Y.-J., Kim J.-N., Ryu H.-W. Fermentative production of dl-lactic acid from amylase-treated rice and wheat brans hydrolyzate by a novel lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus sp. Biotechnol. Lett. 2004;26:1613-1616.
Not in our library10.1023/b:bile.0000045826.97010.82
141.
Åkerberg C., Zacchi G. An economic evaluation of the fermentative production of lactic acid from wheat flour. Bioresour. Technol. 2000;75:119-126.
Not in our library
142.
Naveena B., Altaf M., Bhadrayya K., Madhavendra S., Reddy G. Direct fermentation of starch to L (+) lactic acid in SSF by Lactobacillus amylophilus GV6 using wheat bran as support and substrate: medium optimization using RSM. Process Biochem. 2005;40:681-690.
Not in our library
143.
Naveena B., Altaf M., Bhadrayya K., Reddy G. Screening and interaction effects of physical parameters, total N content and buffer on L (+) lactic acid production in SSF by Lactobacillus amylophilus GV6 using Taguchi designs. Indian J. Biotechnol. 2005;4:342-346.
Not in our library
144.
Naveena B., Altaf M., Bhadriah K., Reddy G. Selection of medium components by Plackett–Burman design for production of L (+) lactic acid by Lactobacillus amylophilus GV6 in SSF using wheat bran. Bioresour. Technol. 2005;96:485-490.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2004.05.020
145.
Naveena B., Vishnu C., Altaf M., Reddy G. Wheat bran an inexpensive substrate for production of lactic acid in solid state fermentation by Lactobacillus amylophilus GV6—optimization of fermentation conditions. J. Sci. Ind. Res. (India). 2003;62:453-456.
Not in our library
146.
Vishnu C., Seenayya G., Reddy G. Direct conversion of starch to L (+) lactic acid by amylase producing Lactobacillus amylophilus GV6. Bioprocess Eng. 2000;23:155-158.
Not in our library
147.
Komesu A., de Oliveira J.A.R., da S Martins L.H., Wolf Maciel M.R., Maciel Filho R. Lactic acid production to purification: a review. BioResources. 2017;12:4364-4383.
Not in our library
148.
Idrees M., Adnan A., Qureshi F.A. Optimization of sulfide/sulfite pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for lactic acid production. BioMed Res. Int. 2013;1:2013.
Not in our library10.1155/2013/934171
149.
Hofvendahl K., Hahn–Hägerdal B. Factors affecting the fermentative lactic acid production from renewable resources1. Enzym. Microb. Technol. 2000;26:87-107.
Not in our library10.1016/s0141-0229(99)00155-6
150.
Wee Y., Yun J., Kim D., Ryu H. Batch and repeated batch production of L-(+)-lactic 2254 acid by RKY1 using wood hydrolyzate and corn steep liquor Enterococcus faecalis. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2006;33:431-435.
Not in our library10.1007/s10295-006-0084-5
151.
Ou M.S., Ingram L.O., Shanmugam K. L (+)-Lactic acid production from non-food carbohydrates by thermotolerant Bacillus coagulans. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2011;38:599-605.
Not in our library10.1007/s10295-010-0796-4
152.
Zhu Y., Lee Y., Elander R.T. Conversion of aqueous ammonia-treated corn stover to lactic acid by simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2007;137:721-738.
Not in our library10.1007/s12010-007-9092-9
153.
Park E.Y., Anh P.N., Okuda N. Bioconversion of waste office paper to L (+)-Lactic acid by filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae. Macro Rev. 2003;16:281-285.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2003.08.017
154.
Yáñez R., Alonso J.L., Parajó J.C. D-lactic acid production from waste cardboard. Journal of chemical technology & biotechnology: international research in process. Environ. Clean Technol. 2005;80:76-84.
Not in our library
155.
Moldes A.B., Alonso J.K., Parajo J.C. Strategies to improve the bioconversion of processed wood into lactic acid by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2001;76:279-284.
Not in our library
156.
Yadav N., Pranaw K., Khare S.K. Screening of lactic acid bacteria stable in ionic liquids and lignocellulosic byproducts for bio-based lactic acid production. Biores. Technol. Rep. 2020;11:100423.
Not in our library
157.
Sreenath H.K., Moldes A.B., Koegel R.G., Straub R.J. Lactic acid production from agriculture residues. Biotechnol. Lett. 2001;23:179-184.
Not in our library
158.
Garde A., Jonsson G., Schmidt A.S., Ahring B.K. Lactic acid production from wheat straw hemicellulose hydrolysate by Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus brevis. Bioresour. Technol. 2002;81:217-223.
Not in our library10.1016/s0960-8524(01)00135-3
159.
Givry S., Prevot V., Duchiron F. Lactic acid production from hemicellulosic hydrolyzate by cells of Lactobacillus bifermentans immobilized in Ca-alginate using response surface methodology. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008;24:745-752.
Not in our library
160.
Tanaka T., Hoshina M., Tanabe S., Sakai K., Ohtsubo S., Taniguchi M. Production of D-lactic acid from defatted rice bran by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Bioresour. Technol. 2006;97:211-217.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.025
161.
Jukonyte R., Daiva Z., Bartkiene E., Lele V., Cernauskas D., Suproniene S., Juodeikiene G. A potential of brown rice polish as a substrate for the lactic acid and bioactive compounds production by the lactic acid bacteria newly isolated from cereal-based fermented products. LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 2018;97:323-331.
Not in our library
162.
Ohkouchi Y., Inoue Y. Direct production of L (+)-lactic acid from starch and food wastes using Lactobacillus manihotivorans LMG18011. Bioresour. Technol. 2006;97:1554-1562.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2005.06.004
163.
Bustos G., Moldes A.B., Cruz J.M., Domínguez J.M. Production of fermentable media from vine-trimming wastes and bioconversion into lactic acid by Lactobacillus pentosus. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2004;84:2105-2112.
Not in our library
164.
John R.P., Nampoothiri K.M., Pandey A. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cassava bagasse for L-(+)-lactic acid production using Lactobacilli. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2006;134:263-272.
Not in our library10.1385/abab:134:3:263
165.
Laopaiboon P., Thani A., Leelavatcharamas V., Laopaiboon L. Acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse for lactic acid production. Bioresour. Technol. 2010;101:1036-1043.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.091
166.
Oliveira R., Maciel Filho R., Rossel C.V. High lactic acid production from molasses and hydrolysed sugarcane bagasse. Chem. Eng. Trans. 2016;50:307-312.
Not in our library
167.
Gullon B., Yanez R., Alonso J. L-Lactic acid production from apple pomace by sequential hydrolysis and fermentation 99. Bioresour. Technol. 2008;99:308-319.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2006.12.018
168.
Chan-Blanco Y., Bonilla-Leiva A., Velazquez A. Using banana to generate lactic acid through batch process fermentation. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2003;63:147-152.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-003-1374-8
169.
Jawad A.H., Alkarkhi A.F., Jason O.C., Easa A.M., Norulaini N.N. Production of the lactic acid from mango peel waste–Factorial experiment. J. King Saud Univ. Sci. 2013;25:39-45.
Not in our library
170.
Romaní A., Yáñez R., Garrote G., Alonso J.L. SSF production of lactic acid from cellulosic biosludges. Bioresour. Technol. 2008;99:4247-4254.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2007.08.051
171.
Kim K.I., Kim W.K., Seo D.K., Yoo I.S., Kim E.K., Yoon H.H. Production of lactic acid from food wastes. Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. 2003;637-647.
Not in our library
172.
Zhang B. P.-j. He, N.-f. Ye, L.-m. Shao, Enhanced isomer purity of lactic acid from the non-sterile fermentation of kitchen wastes. Bioresour. Technol. 2008;99:855-862.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.010
173.
Huang L., Sheng J., Chen J., Li N. Direct Fermentation of Fishmeal Wastewater and Starch Wastewater to Lactic Acid by Rhizopus Oryzae, Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. 2008 ICBBE 2008 the 2nd International Conference on. IEEE. 2008;3219-3222.
Not in our library
174.
Adsul M.G., Varma A.J., Gokhale D.V. Lactic acid production from waste sugarcane bagasse derived cellulose. Green Chem. 2007;9:58-62.
Not in our library
175.
Marques S., Santos J.A., Gírio F.M., Roseiro J.C. Lactic acid production from recycled paper sludge by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Biochem. Eng. J. 2008;41:210-216.
Not in our library
176.
Nakasaki K., Adachi T. Effects of intermittent addition of cellulase for production of L-lactic acid from wastewater sludge by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2003;82:263-270.
Not in our library10.1002/bit.10573
177.
Juodeikiene G., Zadeike D., Bartkiene E., Klupsaite D. Application of acid tolerant Pedioccocus strains for increasing the sustainability of lactic acid production from cheese whey. LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 2016;72:399-406.
Not in our library
178.
Miller C., Fosmer A., Rush B., McMullin T., Beacom D., Suominen P., Moo-Young M., Butler M., Webb C. Industrial production of lactic acid. 2011;3:179-188.
Not in our library
179.
Fitzpatrick J., O'keeffe U. Influence of whey protein hydrolysate addition to whey permeate batch fermentations for producing lactic acid. Process Biochem. 2001;37:183-186.
Not in our library
180.
Ghasemi M., Ahmad A., Jafary T., Azad A.K., Kakooei S., Wan Daud W.R., Sedighi M. Assessment of immobilized cell reactor and microbial fuel cell for simultaneous cheese whey treatment and lactic acid/electricity production. 2017;42:9107-9115.
Not in our library
181.
Li Y., Shahbazi A., Coulibaly S., Mims M.M. Semicontinuous production of lactic acid from cheese whey using integrated membrane reactor. Appl. Biochem. Biotecnol. 2007;897-907.
Not in our library10.1007/s12010-007-9106-7
182.
Büyükkileci A.O., Harsa S. Batch production of L (+) lactic acid from whey by Lactobacillus casei (NRRL B-441). J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2004;79:1036-1040.
Not in our library
183.
Pauli T., Fitzpatrick J.J. Malt combing nuts as a nutrient supplement to whey permeate for producing lactic by fermentation with Lactobacillus casei. Process Biochem. 2002;38:1-6.
Not in our library
184.
Kim H.-O., Wee Y.-J., Kim J.-N., Yun J.-S., Ryu H.-W. Production of lactic acid from cheese whey by batch and repeated batch cultures of Lactobacillus sp. RKY2. Twenty-Seventh Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. 2006;694-704.
Not in our library
185.
Bazinet L. Electrodialytic phenomena and their applications in the dairy industry: a review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2005;45:307-326.
Not in our library10.1080/10408690490489279
186.
Alonso S., Herrero M., Rendueles M., Díaz M. Residual yoghurt whey for lactic acid production. Biomass Bioenergy. 2010;34:931-938.
Not in our library
187.
Posada J.A., Rincón L.E., Cardona C.A. Design and analysis of biorefineries based on raw glycerol: addressing the glycerol problem. Bioresour. Technol. 2012;111:282-293.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.151
188.
Cheng K.-K., Zhang J.-A., Liu D.-H., Sun Y., Yang M.-D., Xu J.-M. Production of 1, 3-propanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae from glycerol broth. Biotechnol. Lett. 2006;28:1817-1821.
Not in our library10.1007/s10529-006-9158-8
189.
Biebl H. Fermentation of glycerol by Clostridium pasteurianum—batch and continuous culture studies. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2001;27:18-26.
Not in our library10.1038/sj.jim.7000155
190.
Dharmadi Y., Murarka A., Gonzalez R. Anaerobic fermentation of glycerol by Escherichia coli: a new platform for metabolic engineering. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2006;94:821-829.
Not in our library10.1002/bit.21025
191.
Förster A.H., Gescher J. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for production of mixed-acid fermentation end products. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 2014;2:16.
Not in our library10.3389/fbioe.2014.00016
192.
Gonzalez R., Murarka A., Dharmadi Y., Yazdani S.S. A new model for the anaerobic fermentation of glycerol in enteric bacteria: trunk and auxiliary pathways in Escherichia coli. Metab. Eng. 2008;10:234-245.
Not in our library10.1016/j.ymben.2008.05.001
193.
Murarka A., Dharmadi Y., Yazdani S., Gonzale R. Fermentative utilization of glycerol in 1882 Escherichia coli and its implications for the production of fuels and chemicals. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2008;74:1124-1135.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.02192-07
194.
Doi Y. L-Lactate production from biodiesel-derived crude glycerol by metabolically engineered Enterococcus faecalis: cytotoxic evaluation of biodiesel waste and development of glycerol-inducible gene expression system. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. AEM. 2015;3414-3418.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.03418-14
195.
Norddahl B., Eriksen S., Pedersen F. Method for Producing Lactic Acid. Google Patents. No. 10/297,090. 2004.
Not in our library
196.
Posada J.A., Cardona C.A., Gonzalez R. Analysis of the production process of optically pure D-lactic acid from raw glycerol using engineered Escherichia coli strains. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2012;166:680-699.
Not in our library10.1007/s12010-011-9458-x
197.
Schenk P.M., Thomas-Hall S.R., Stephens E., Marx U.C., Mussgnug J.H., Posten C., Kruse O., Hankamer B. Second generation biofuels: high-efficiency microalgae for biodiesel production. Bioenergy Res. 2008;1:20-43.
Not in our library
198.
Nguyen C.M., Kim J.-S., Hwang H.J., Park M.S., Choi G.J., Choi Y.H., Jang K.S., Kim J.-C. Production of L-lactic acid from a green microalga, Hydrodictyon reticulum, by Lactobacillus paracasei LA104 isolated from the traditional Korean food, makgeolli. Bioresour. Technol. 2012;110:552-559.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.079
199.
Nguyen C.M., Kim J.-S., Song J.K., Choi G.J., Choi Y.H., Jang K.S., Kim J.-C. D-Lactic acid production from dry biomass of Hydrodictyon reticulatum by simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation using Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens. Biotechnol. Lett. 2012;34:2235-2240.
Not in our library10.1007/s10529-012-1023-3
200.
Djukić-Vuković A.P., Mojović L.V., Vukašinović-Sekulić M.S., Nikolić S.B., Pejin J.D. Integrated production of lactic acid and biomass on distillery stillage. Bioproc. Biosyst. Eng. 2013;36:1157-1164.
Not in our library10.1007/s00449-012-0842-x
201.
Ye T., Li X., Zhang T., Su Y., Zhang W., Li J., Gan Y., Zhang A., Liu Y., Xue G. Copper (II) addition to accelerate lactic acid production from co-fermentation of food waste and waste activated sludge: understanding of the corresponding metabolisms, microbial community and predictive functional profiling. Waste Manag. 2018;76:414-422.
Not in our library10.1016/j.wasman.2018.03.028
202.
Ke X., Wang C., Li R., Zhang Y., Zhang H., Gui S. Biomethane production and dynamics of microflora in response to copper treatments during mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Waste Manag. Res. 2014;32:726-732.
Not in our library10.1177/0734242x14543816
203.
Solioz M., Abicht H.K., Mermod M., Mancini S. Response of gram-positive bacteria to copper stress. J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 2010;15:3-14.
Not in our library10.1007/s00775-009-0588-3
204.
Solioz M., Mermod M., Abicht H.K., Mancini S. Responses of Lactic Acid Bacteria to Heavy Metal Stress. Springer, US. 2011;163-195.
Not in our library
205.
Mumtaz M.Z., Barry K.M., Baker A.L., Nichols D.S., Ahmad M., Zahir Z.A., Britz M.L. Production of lactic and acetic acids by Bacillus sp. ZM20 and Bacillus cereus following exposure to zinc oxide: a possible mechanism for Zn solubilization. Rhizosphere. 2019;12:100170.
Not in our library
206.
Shen X., Xia L. Lactic acid production from cellulosic material by synergetic hydrolysis and fermentation. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2006;133:251-262.
Not in our library10.1385/abab:133:3:251
207.
Mussatto S.I., Fernandes M., Mancilha I.M., Roberto I.C. Effects of medium supplementation and pH control on lactic acid production from brewer's spent grain. Biochem. Eng. J. 2008;40:437-444.
Not in our library
208.
Nakano S., Ugwu C.U., Tokiwa Y. Efficient production of d-(−)-lactic acid from broken rice by Lactobacillus delbrueckii using Ca(OH)2 as a neutralizing agent. Bioresour. Technol. 2012;104:791-794.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.017
209.
Gassem M., Abu-Tarboush H. Lactic acid production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in camel's and cow's wheys. Milchwissenschaft. 2000;55:374-378.
Not in our library
210.
Fukushima K., Sogo K., Miura S., Kimura Y. Production of D-lactic acid by bacterial fermentation of rice starch. Macromol. Biosci. 2004;4:1021-1027.
Not in our library10.1002/mabi.200400080
211.
Roberto I., Mussatto S., Mancilha I., Fernandes M. The effects of pH and nutrient supplementation of brewer's spent grain cellulosic hydrolysate for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii. J. Biotechnol. 2007;2:S181-S182.
Not in our library10.1007/s10529-007-9494-3
212.
de la Torre I., Ladero M., Santos V.E. D-lactic acid production from orange waste enzymatic hydrolysates with L. delbrueckii cells in growing and resting state. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2020;146:112176.
Not in our library
213.
de la Torre I., Acedos M.G., Ladero M., Santos V.E. On the use of resting L. delbrueckii spp. delbrueckii cells for D-lactic acid production from orange peel wastes hydrolysates. Biochem. Eng. J. 2019;145:162-169.
Not in our library
214.
John R.P., Sukumaran R.K., Nampoothiri K.M., Pandey A. Statistical optimization of simultaneous saccharification and L(+)-lactic acid fermentation from cassava bagasse using mixed culture of Lactobacilli by response surface methodology. Biochem. Eng. J. 2007;36:262-267.
Not in our library
215.
Cingadi S., Srikanth K., Arun E.V.R., Sivaprakasam S. Statistical optimization of cassava fibrous waste hydrolysis by response surface methodology and use of dyrolysate based media for the production of optically pure D-lactic acid. Biochem. Eng. J. 2015;102:82-90.
Not in our library
216.
Balakrishnana R., Tadib S.R.R., Sivaprakasamb S., Rajarama S. Optimization of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) bran residue to obtain fermentable sugars for the production of optically pure D (−) lactic acid. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2018;111:731-742.
Not in our library
217.
Wang X., Wang G., Yu X., Chen H., Sun Y., Chen G. Pretreatment of corn stover by solid acid for D-lactic acid fermentation. Bioresour. Technol. 2017;239:490-495.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.089
218.
Schepers A.W., Thibault J., Lacroix C. Continuous lactic acid production in whey permeate/yeast extract medium with immobilized Lactobacillus helveticus in a two-stage process: model and experiments. Enzym. Microb. Technol. 2006;38:324-337.
Not in our library
219.
Plessas S., Bosnea L., Psarianos C., Koutinas A., Marchant R., Banat I. Lactic acid production by mixed cultures of Kluyveromyces marxianus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Lactobacillus helveticus. Bioresour. Technol. 2008;99:5951-5955.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.039
220.
Schepers A.W., Thibault J., Lacroix C. Lactobacillus helveticus growth and lactic acid production during pH-controlled batch cultures in whey permeate/yeast extract medium. Part I. Multiple factor kinetic analysis. Enzym. Microb. Technol. 2002;30:176-186.
Not in our library
221.
Hirata M., Gao M.-t., Toorisaka E., Takanashi H., Hano T. Production of lactic acid by continuous electrodialysis fermentation with a glucose concentration controller. Biochem. Eng. J. 2005;25:159-163.
Not in our library
222.
Djukić-Vuković A.P., Mojović L.V., Vukašinović-Sekulić M.S., Rakin M.B., Nikolić S.B., Pejin J.D., Bulatović M.L. Effect of different fermentation parameters on L-lactic acid production from liquid distillery stillage. Food Chem. 2012;134:1038-1043.
Not in our library10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.011
223.
Li Z., Lu J., Yang Z., Han L., Tan T. Utilization of white rice bran for production of L-lactic acid. Biomass Bioenergy. 2012;39:53-58.
Not in our library
224.
Zhao Z., Xie X., Wang Z., Tao Y., Niu X., Huang X., Liu L., Li Z. Immobilization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in mesoporous silica-based material: an efficiency continuous cell-recycle fermentation system for lactic acid Production. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2016;12:645-651.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.11.010
225.
Marques S., Gírio F., Santos J., Roseiro J. Pulsed fed-batch strategy towards intensified process for lactic acid production using recycled paper sludge. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 2017;7:127-137.
Not in our library
226.
Lu Z., Wei M., Yu L. Enhancement of pilot scale production of l(+)-lactic acid by fermentation coupled with separation using membrane bioreactor. Process Biochem. 2012;47:410-415.
Not in our library
227.
Coelho L.F., Bolner de Lima C.J., Bernardo M.P., Alvarez G.M., Contiero J. Improvement of L(+)-lactic acid production from cassava wastewater by Lactobacillus rhamnosus B 103. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B. 2010;90:1944-1950.
Not in our library10.1002/jsfa.4039
228.
Shi S., Kang L., Lee Y.Y. Production of lactic acid from the mixture of softwood pre-hydrolysate and paper mill sludge by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2015;175:2741-2754.
Not in our library10.1007/s12010-014-1451-8
229.
Wang X.Q., Wang Q.H., Ma H.Z., Yin W. Lactic acid fermentation of food waste using integrated glucoamylase production. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2009;84:139-143.
Not in our library
230.
Bahrya H., Abdalla R., Pons A., Taha S., Vial C. Optimization of lactic acid production using immobilized Lactobacillus Rhamnosus and carob pod waste from the Lebanese food industry. J. Biotechnol. 2019;306:81-88.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.09.017
231.
Lech M. Optimisation of protein-free waste whey supplementation used for the industrial microbiological production of lactic acid. Biochem. Eng. J. 2020;157:107531.
Not in our library
232.
Bernardoa M.P., Coelhoa L.F., Sassa D.C., Contieroa J. L(+)-Lactic acid production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus B103 from dairy industry waste. Braz. J. Microbiol. 2016;47:640-646.
Not in our library10.1016/j.bjm.2015.12.001
233.
Pejin J., Radosavljević M., Pribić M., Kocić-Tanackov S., Mladenović D., Djukić-Vuković A., Mojović L. Possibility of L-(+)-lactic acid fermentation using malting, brewing, and oil production by-products. Waste Manag. 2018;79:153-163.
Not in our library10.1016/j.wasman.2018.07.035
234.
Burgos-Rubio C.N., Okos M.R., Wankat P.C. Kinetic study of the conversion of different substrates to lactic acid using Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Biotechnol. Prog. 2000;16:305-314.
Not in our library10.1021/bp000022p
235.
Fakhravar S., Najafpour G., Heris S.Z., Izadi M., Fakhravar A. Fermentative lactic acid from deproteinized whey using Lactobacillus bulgaricus in batch culture. World Appl. Sci. J. 2012;17:1083-1086.
Not in our library
236.
Liu P., Zheng Z., Xu Q., Qian Z., Liu J., Ouyang J. Valorization of dairy waste for enhanced D-lactic acid production at low cost. Process Biochem. 2018;71:18-22.
Not in our library
237.
Kwan T.H., Hu Y., Lin C.S.K. Valorisation of food waste via fungal hydrolysis and lactic acid fermentation with Lactobacillus casei Shirota. Bioresour. Technol. 2016;217:129-136.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.134
238.
Wang J., Gao M., Liu J., Wang Q., Wang C., Yin Z., Wu C. Lactic acid production from Sophora flavescens residues pretreated with sodium hydroxide: reutilization of the pretreated liquor during fermentation. Bioresour. Technol. 2017;241:915-921.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.005
239.
Oonkhanond B., Jonglertjunya W., Srimarut N., Bunpachart P., Tantinukul S., Nasongkl N., Sakdaronnarong C. Lactic acid production from sugarcane bagasse by an integrated system of lignocellulose fractionation, saccharification and fermentation, and ex-situ nanofiltration. J. Environ.Chem. Eng. 2017;5:2533-2541.
Not in our library
240.
Mudaliyar P., Sharma L., Kulkarni C. Food waste management- lactic acid production by Lactobacillus species. Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res. 2012;2:34-38.
Not in our library
241.
Kurbanoglu E.B., Kurbanoglu N.I. Utilization for lactic acid production with a new acid hydrolysis of ram horn waste. FEMS (Fed. Eur. Microbiol. Soc.) Microbiol. Lett. 2003;225:29-34.
Not in our library10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00472-5
242.
Hujanen M., Linko S., Linko Y.-Y., Leisola M. Optimisation of media and cultivation conditions for L (+)(S)-lactic acid production by Lactobacillus casei NRRL B-441. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2001;56:126-130.
Not in our library10.1007/s002530000501
243.
Panesar P.S., Kennedy J.F., Gandhi D.N., Bunko K. Bioutilisation of whey for lactic acid production. Food Chem. 2007;105:1-14.
Not in our library
244.
Zhang C., Yang H.-Q., Wu D.-J. Study on the reuse of anaerobic digestion effluent in lactic acid Production. J. Clean. Prod. 2019;239:118028.
Not in our library
245.
Prasad S., Srikanth K., Limaye A.M., Sivaprakasam S. Homo-fermentative production of D-lactic acid by Lactobacillus sp. employing casein whey permeate as a raw feed-stock. Biotechnol. Lett. 2014;36:1303-1307.
Not in our library10.1007/s10529-014-1482-9
246.
Ueno T., Ozawa Y., Ishikawa M., Nakanishi K., Kimura T. Lactic acid production using two food processing wastes, canned pineapple syrup and grape invertase, as substrate and enzyme. Biotechnol. Lett. 2003;25:573-577.
Not in our library10.1023/a:1022888832278
247.
Sirisansaneeyakul S., Luangpipat T., Vanichsriratana W., Srinophakun T., Chen H.H.-H., Chisti Y. Optimization of lactic acid production by immobilized Lactococcus lactis IO-1. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2007;34:381.
Not in our library10.1007/s10295-007-0208-6
248.
Roble N.D., Ogbonna J.C., Tanaka H. L-Lactic acid production from raw cassava starch in a circulating loop bioreactor with cells immobilized in loofa (Luffa cylindrica). Biotechnol. Lett. 2003;25:1093-1098.
Not in our library10.1023/a:1024192131343
249.
Shi Z., Wei P., Zhu X., Cai J., Huang L., Xu Z. Efficient production of l-lactic acid from hydrolysate of Jerusalem artichoke with immobilized cells of Lactococcus lactis in fibrous bed bioreactors. Enzym. Microb. Technol. 2012;51:263-268.
Not in our library10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.07.007
250.
Singhvi M., Zendo T., Iida H., Gokhale D., Sonomoto K. Stimulation of D- and L-lactate dehydrogenases transcriptional levels in presence of diammonium hydrogen phosphate resulting to enhanced lactic acid production by Lactobacillus strain. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2017;124:674-679.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.07.009
251.
Tsuge Y., Kawaguchi H., Sasaki K., Tanaka T., Kondo A. Two-step production of D-lactate from mixed sugars by growing and resting cells of metabolically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2014;98:4911-4918.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-014-5594-x
252.
Sreenath H.K., Moldes A.B., Koegel R.G., Straub R.J. Lactic acid production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of alfalfa fiber. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2001;92:518-523.
Not in our library10.1263/jbb.92.518
253.
Okano K., Zhang Q., Shinkawa S., Yoshida S., Tanaka T., Fukuda H., Kondo A. Efficient production of optically pure D-lactic acid from raw corn starch by using a genetically modified L-lactate dehydrogenase gene-deficient and α-amylase-secreting Lactobacillus plantarum strain. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2009;75:462-467.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.01514-08
254.
Asada C., Nakamura Y., Kobayashi F. Waste reduction system for production of useful materials from un-utilized bamboo using steam explosion followed by various conversion methods. Biochem. Eng. J. 2005;23:131-137.
Not in our library
255.
Okano K., Yoshida S., Yamada R., Tanaka T., Ogino C., Fukuda H., Kondo A. Improved production of homo-D-lactic acid via xylose fermentation by introduction of xylose assimilation genes and redirection of the phosphoketolase pathway to the pentose phosphate pathway in L-lactate dehydrogenase gene-deficient Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2009;75:7858-7861.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.01692-09
256.
Hama S., Mizuno S., Kihara M., Tanaka T., Ogino C., Noda H., Kondo A. Production of D-lactic acid from hardwood pulp by mechanical milling followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using metabolically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum. Bioresour. Technol. 2015;187:167-172.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.106
257.
Chen P.-T., Hong Z.-S., Cheng C.-L., Ng I.-S., Lo Y.-C., Nagarajan D., Chang J.-S. Exploring fermentation strategies for enhanced lactic acid production with polyvinyl alcohol-immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum 23 using microalgae as feedstock. Bioresour. Technol. 2020;308:123266.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123266
258.
Okano K., Hama S., Kihara M., Noda H., Tanaka T., Kondo A. Production of optically pure D-lactic acid from brown rice using metabolically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2017;101:1869-1875.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-016-7976-8
259.
Yoshida S., Okano K., Tanaka T., Ogino C., Kondo A. Homo-D-lactic acid production from mixed sugars using xylose-assimilating operon-integrated Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2011;92:67-76.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-011-3356-6
260.
Sharma V., Mishra H.N. Unstructured kinetic modeling of growth and lactic acid production by Lactobacillus plantarum NCDC 414 during fermentation of vegetable Juices. LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 2014;59:1123-1128.
Not in our library
261.
Yen H.-W., Kang J.-L. Lactic acid production directly from starch in a starch-controlled fed-batch operation using Lactobacillus amylophilus. Bioproc. Biosyst. Eng. 2010;33:1017-1023.
Not in our library10.1007/s00449-010-0426-6
262.
Yang S., Yu H., You Y., Li X., Jiang J. Effective lactic acid production from waste paper using Streptococcus thermophilus at low enzyme loading assisted by gleditsia saponin. Carbohydr. Polym. 2018;200:122-127.
Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.063
263.
Nguyen C.M., Kim J.-S., Nguyen T.N., Kim S.K., Choi G.J., Choi Y.H., Jang K.S., Kim J.-C. Production of L- and D-lactic acid from waste Curcuma longa biomass through simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation. Bioresour. Technol. 2013;146:35-43.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.035
264.
de Oliveira Moraes A., Ramirez N.I.B., Pereira N. Evaluation of the fermentation potential of pulp mill residue to produce d(-)-lactic acid by separate hydrolysis and fermentation using Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2016;180:1574-1585.
Not in our library10.1007/s12010-016-2188-3
265.
Yun J.-S., Wee Y.-J., Ryu H.-W. Production of optically pure L (+)-lactic acid from various carbohydrates by batch fermentation of Enterococcus faecalis RKY1. Enzym. Microb. Technol. 2003;33:416-423.
Not in our library
266.
Shibata K., Flores D.M., Kobayashi G., Sonomoto K. Direct L-lactic acid fermentation with sago starch by a novel amylolytic lactic acid bacterium, Enterococcus faecium. Enzym. Microb. Technol. 2007;41:149-155.
Not in our library
267.
Wee Y.J., Reddy L., Ryu H.W. Fermentative production of L (+)-lactic acid from starch hydrolyzate and corn steep liquor as inexpensive nutrients by batch culture of Enterococcus faecalis RKY1. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology: international Research in Process. Environ. Clean Technol. 2008;83:1387-1393.
Not in our library
268.
Ding S., Tan T. L-lactic acid production by Lactobacillus casei fermentation using different fed-batch feeding strategies. Process Biochem. 2006;41:1451-1454.
Not in our library
269.
Murakami N., Oba M., Iwamoto M., Tashiro Y., Noguchi T., Bonkohara K., Abdel-Rahman M.A., Zendo T., Shimoda M., Sakai K., Sonomoto K. L-Lactic acid production from glycerol coupled with acetic acid metabolism by Enterococcus faecalis without carbon loss. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2016;121:89-95.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.05.009
270.
Nolasco-Hipolito C., Zarrabal O.C., Kamaldin R.M., Teck-Yee L., Lihan S., Bujang K.B., Nitta Y. Lactic acid production by Enteroccocus faecium in liquefied sago starch. AMB Express. 2012;2:53.
Not in our library10.1186/2191-0855-2-53
271.
Wee Y.-J., Ryu H.-W. Lactic acid production by Lactobacillus sp. RKY2 in a cell-recycle continuous fermentation using lignocellulosic hydrolyzates as inexpensive raw materials. Bioresour. Technol. 2009;100:4262-4270.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.074
272.
Abdel-Rahman M.A., Xiao Y., Tashiro Y., Wang Y., Zendo T., Sakai K., Sonomoto K. Fed-batch fermentation for enhanced lactic acid production from glucose/xylose mixture without carbon catabolite repression. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2015;119:153-158.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.07.007
273.
Abdel-Rahman M.A., Hassan S.E.-D., Roushdy M.M., Aza M.S., Gaber M.A. Free-nutrient supply and thermo-alkaline conditions for direct lactic acid production from mixed lignocellulosic and food waste materials. Biores. Technol. Rep. 2019;7:100256.
Not in our library
274.
Solvala K.M., Chouljenkob A., Chotikod A., Sathivel S. Growth kinetics and lactic acid production of Lactobacillus plantarum NRRL B-4496, L. acidophilus NRRL B-4495, and L. reuteri B-14171 in media containing egg white hydrolysates. LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 2019;105:393-399.
Not in our library
275.
Juodeikiene G., Klupsaite D., Zadeike D., Cizeikiene D., Vidziunaite I., Bartkiene E., Cernauskas D. Bioconversion of agro-industrial by-products to lactic acid using Lactobacillus sakei and two Pediococcus spp. strains. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2016;51:2682-2691.
Not in our library
276.
Rivera O.M.P., Menduiña A.B.M., Agrasar A.M.T., González J.M.D. Biosurfactants from grape marc: stability study. J. Biotechnol. 2007;2:S136.
Not in our library
277.
Cubas-Cano E., González-Fernández C., Ballesteros I., Tomás-Pejó E. Efficient utilization of hydrolysates from steam-exploded gardening residues for lactic acid production by optimization of enzyme addition and pH control. Waste Manag. 2020;107:235-243.
Not in our library10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.003
278.
Bustos G., Moldes A.B., Manuel C.J., Domínguez J.M. Influence of the metabolism pathway on lactic acid production from hemicellulosic trimming vine shoots hydrolyzates using Lactobacillus pentosus. Biotechnol. Prog. 2005;21:793-798.
Not in our library10.1021/bp049603v
279.
Tian X., Wang Y., Chu J., Mohsin A., Zhuang Y. Exploring cellular fatty acid composition and intracellular metabolites of osmotic-tolerant mutant Lactobacillus paracasei NCBIO-M2 for highly efficient lactic acid production with high initial glucose concentration. J. Biotechnol. 2018;286:27-35.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.09.005
280.
Mladenović D., Pejin J., Kocić-Tanackov S., Radovanović Ž., Djukić-Vuković A., Mojović L. Lactic acid production on molasses enriched potato stillage by Lactobacillus paracasei immobilized onto agro-industrial waste supports. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2018;124:142-148.
Not in our library
281.
Petrova P., Velikova P., Popova L., Petrov K. Direct conversion of chicory flour into L(+‏)-lactic acid by the highly effective inulinase producer Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 23505. Bioresour. Technol. 2015;186:329-333.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.077
282.
Mladenović D., Pejin J., Kocić-Tanackov S., Djukić-Vuković A., Mojović L. Enhanced lactic acid production by adaptive evolution of Lactobacillus paracasei on agroindustrial substrate. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2018;187:753-769.
Not in our library10.1007/s12010-018-2852-x
283.
Moon S.-K., Wee Y.-J., Choi G.-W. A novel lactic acid bacterium for the production of high purity L-lactic acid, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CHB2121. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2012;114:155-159.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.03.016
284.
Choi H., Ryu H., Park K., Lee E., H L., SW K., ES C. Direct lactic acid fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke tuber extract using Lactobacillus paracasei without acidic or enzymatic inulin hydrolysis. Bioresour. Technol. 2012;114:745-747.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.075
285.
Pleissner D., Demichelis F., Mariano S., Fiore S., Gutiérrez I.M., Schneider R., Venus J. Direct production of lactic acid based on simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of mixed restaurant food waste. J. Clean. Prod. 2017;143:615-623.
Not in our library
286.
Kim J.H., Shoemaker S.P., Mills D.A. Relaxed control of sugar utilization in Lactobacillus brevis. Microbiology. 2009;155:1351-1359.
Not in our library10.1099/mic.0.024653-0
287.
Cui F., Li Y., Wan C. Lactic acid production from corn stover using mixed cultures of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus brevis. Bioresour. Technol. 2011;102:1831-1836.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.063
288.
Grewal J., Khare S.K. One-pot bioprocess for lactic acid production from lignocellulosic agro-wastes by using ionic liquid stable Lactobacillus brevis. Bioresour. Technol. 2018;251:268-273.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.056
289.
Zhang Y., Vadlani P.V. Lactic acid production from biomass-derived sugars via co-fermentation of Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2015;119:694-699.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.10.027
290.
Jiang X., Xue Y., Wang A., Wang L., Zhang G., Zeng Q., Yu B., Ma Y. Efficient production of polymer-grade L-lactate by an alkaliphilic Exiguobacterium sp. strain under nonsterile open fermentation conditions. Bioresour. Technol. 2013;143:665-668.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.049
291.
Calabia B.P., Tokiwa Y., Aiba S. Fermentative production of L-(+)-lactic acid by an alkaliphilic marine microorganism. Biotechnol. Lett. 2011;33:1429-1433.
Not in our library10.1007/s10529-011-0573-0
292.
Bai Z., Gao Z., Sun J., Wu B., He B. D-Lactic acid production by Sporolactobacillus inulinus YBS1-5 with simultaneous utilization of cottonseed meal and corncob residue. Bioresour. Technol. 2016;207:346-352.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.007
293.
Li J., Sun J., Wu B., He B. Combined utilization of nutrients and sugar derived from wheat bran for d-Lactate fermentation by Sporolactobacillus inulinus YBS1-5. Bioresour. Technol. 2017;229:33-38.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.101
294.
Zheng H., Gong J., Chen T., Chen X., Zhao X. Strain improvement of Sporolactobacillus inulinus ATCC 15538 for acid tolerance and production of Dlactic acid by genome shuffling. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010;85:1541-1549.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-009-2243-x
295.
Bai Z., Gao Z., He B., Wu B. Effect of lignocellulose-derived inhibitors on the growth and D-lactic acid production of Sporolactobacillus inulinus YBS1-5. Bioproc. Biosyst. Eng. 2015;38:1993-2001.
Not in our library10.1007/s00449-015-1440-5
296.
Li Y., Wang L., Ju J., Yu B., Ma Y. Efficient production of polymer-grade d-lactate by Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus DSM442 with agricultural waste cottonseed as the sole nitrogen source. Bioresour. Technol. 2013;142:186-191.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.124
297.
Ge X.-Y., Qian H., Zhang W.-G. Enhancement of L-lactic acid production in Lactobacillus casei from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by kinetic optimization and citrate metabolism. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010;20:101-109.
Not in our library
298.
Wang W.-M., Wang W.-H., Wang X.C.-Q., Ma H.-Z. Effect of different fermentation parameters on lactic acid production from kitchen waste by Lactobacillus TY50. Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 2011;25:433-438.
Not in our library
299.
Flores-Albino B., Arias L., Gomez J., Castillo A., Gimeno M., Shirai K. Chitin and L (+)-lactic acid production from crab (Callinectes bellicosus) wastes by fermentation of Lactobacillus sp. B2 using sugar cane molasses as carbon source. Bioproc. Biosyst. Eng. 2012;35:1193-1200.
Not in our library10.1007/s00449-012-0706-4
300.
Kawai M., Harada R., Yoda N., Yamasaki-Yashiki S., Fukusaki E., Katakura Y. Suppression of lactate production by using sucrose as a carbon source in lactic acid bacteria. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2020;129:47-51.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.06.017
301.
Kawai M., Tsuchiya A., Ishida J., Yoda N., Yashiki-Yamasaki S., Katakura Y. Suppression of lactate production in fed-batch culture of some lactic acid bacteria with sucrose as the carbon source. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2020;129:535-540.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.11.009
302.
Kuo Y.-C., Yuan S.-F., Wang C.-A., Huang Y.-J., Guo G.-L., Hwang W.-S. Production of optically pure L-lactic acid from lignocellulosic hydrolysate by using a newly isolated and D-lactate dehydrogenase gene-deficient Lactobacillus paracasei strain. Bioresour. Technol. 2015;198:651-657.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.071
303.
Wu Y., Ma H., Zheng M., Wang K. Lactic acid production from acidogenic fermentation of fruit and vegetable wastes. Bioresour. Technol. 2015;191:53-58.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.100
304.
Haag N.L., Nägele H.-J., Fritz T., Oechsner H. Effects of ensiling treatments on lactic acid production and supplementary methane formation of maize and amaranth – an advanced green biorefining approach. Bioresour. Technol. 2015;178:217-225.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.048
305.
Chen B., Chen Z., Su K., Wang B., Wang Y., Wang Z., Si Y., Wu D., Cai P Qin. Efficient lactic acid production from cassava bagasse by mixed culture of Bacillus coagulans and lactobacillus rhamnosus using stepwise pH controlled simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2020;146:112175.
Not in our library
306.
Qiu Z., Gao Q., Bao J. Constructing xylose-assimilating pathways in Pediococcus acidilactici for high titer D-lactic acid fermentation from corn stover feedstock. Bioresour. Technol. 2017;245:1369-1376.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.128
307.
Yi X., Zhang P., Sun J., Tu Y., Gao Q., Zhang J., Bao J. Engineering wild-type robust Pediococcus acidilactici strain for hightiter l- and d-lactic acid production from corn stover feedstock. J. Biotechnol. 2016;217:112-121.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.11.014
308.
Montipó S., Ballesteros I., Fontana R.C., Ayrton S., Martins F., Ballesteros M., Camassol M. Integrated production of second generation ethanol and lactic acid from steam-exploded elephant grass. Bioresour. Technol. 2018;249:1017-1024.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.001
309.
Taniguchi M., Tokunaga T., Horiuchi K., Hoshino K., Sakai K., Tanaka T. Production of L-lactic acid from a mixture of xylose and glucose by co-cultivation of lactic acid bacteria. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2004;66:160-165.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-004-1671-x
310.
Wang C., Lia Q., Wang D., Xing J. Improving the lactic acid production of Actinobacillus succinogenes byusing a novel fermentation and separation integration system. Process Biochem. 2014;44:23-33.
Not in our library
311.
Tran Q.N.M., Mimoto H., Koyama M., Nakasaki K. Lactic acid bacteria modulate organic acid production during early stages of food waste composting. Sci. Total Environ. 2019;687:341-347.
Not in our library10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.113
312.
Li Q., Hudari M.S.B. J.C. Wu.. Production of optically pure D-lactic acid by the combined use of Weissella sp: S26 and Bacillus sp. ADS3. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2016;178:285-293.
Not in our library10.1007/s12010-015-1871-0
313.
Thapa L.P., Lee S.J., Park C., Kim S.W. Production of L-lactic acid from metabolically engineered strain of Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 29007. Enzym. Microb. Technol. 2017;107:1-8.
Not in our library10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.03.003
314.
Yang X., Zhu M., Huang X., Lin C.S.K., Wang J., Li S. Valorisation of mixed bakery waste in non-sterilized fermentation for L-lactic acid production by an evolved Thermoanaerobacterium sp. Strain Biores. Technol. 2015;198:47-54.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.108
315.
Cizeikiene D., Juodeikiene G., Damasius J. Use of wheat straw biomass in production of L-lactic acid applying biocatalysis and combined lactic acid bacteria strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus. Biocataly. Agric. Biotechnol. 2018;15:185-191.
Not in our library
316.
Coelho L.F., De Lima C.J.B., Bernardo M.P., Contiero J. D(-)-lactic acid production by Leuconostoc mesenteroides B512 using different carbon and nitrogen sources. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2011;164:1160-1171.
Not in our library10.1007/s12010-011-9202-6
317.
Wang Y., Chen C., Cai D., Wang Z., Qin P., Tan T. The optimization of L-lactic acid production from sweet sorghum juice by mixed fermentation of Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus rhamnosus under unsterile conditions. Bioresour. Technol. 2016;218:1098-1105.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.069
318.
Qiu Z., Gao Q., Bao J. Engineering Pediococcus acidilactici with xylose assimilation pathway for high titer cellulosic L-lactic acid fermentation. Bioresour. Technol. 2018;249:9-15.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.117
319.
Peinemann J.C., Demichelis F., Fiore S., Pleissner D. Techno-economic assessment of non-sterile batch and continuous production of lactic acid from food waste. Bioresour. Technol. 2019;289:121631.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121631
320.
Demichelis F., Pleissner D., Fiore S., Mariano S., Navarro Gutiérrez I.M., Schneider R., Venus J. Investigation of food waste valorization through sequential lactic acid fermentative production and anaerobic digestion of fermentation residues. Bioresour. Technol. 2017;241:508-516.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.174
321.
Shahbazi A., Mims M.R., Li Y., Shirley V., Ibrahim S.A., Morris A. Lactic acid production from cheese whey by immobilized bacteria. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2005;122(1-3):529-540.
Not in our library10.1385/abab:122:1-3:0529
322.
Li Y., Shahbazi A., Coulibaly S. Lactic acid production from cheese whey by Bifidobacterium longum. Trans. ASABE. 2006;49(4):1263-1267.
Not in our library
323.
Maas R.H., Bakker R.R., Jansen M.L., Visser D., De Jong E., Eggink G., Weusthuis R.A. Lactic acid production from lime-treated wheat straw by Bacillus coagulans: neutralization of acid by fed-batch addition of alkaline substrate. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008;78:751-758.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-008-1361-1
324.
Cipro C.V.Z., Cherel Y., Caurant F., Miramand P., Méndez-Fernandez P., Bustamante P. Trace elements in tissues of white-chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis) from Kerguelen waters, Southern Indian Ocean. Polar Biol. 2014;37:763-771.
Not in our library
325.
Ye L., Zhou X., Hudari M.S.B., Li Z., Wu J.C. Highly efficient production of L-lactic acid from xylose by newly isolated Bacillus coagulans C106. Bioresour. Technol. 2013;132:38-44.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.011
326.
van der Pol E.C., Eggink G., Weusthuis R.A. Production of l(+‏)-lactic acid from acid pretreated sugarcane bagasse using Bacillus coagulans DSM2314 in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation strategy. Biotechnol. Biofuels. 2016;9:248.
Not in our library10.1186/s13068-016-0646-3
327.
Glaser R., Venus J. Co-fermentation of the main sugar types from a beechwood organosolv hydrolysate by several strains of Bacillus coagulans results in effective lactic acid production. Biotechnol. Rep. 2018;18.
Not in our library10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00245
328.
Yao K., Zhou Q.-X., Liu D.-M., Chen S.-M., Yuan K. Comparative proteomics of the metabolic pathways involved in L-lactic acid production in Bacillus coagulans BCS13002 using different carbon sources. LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 2019;116:108445.
Not in our library
329.
Wang Q., Ingram L.O., Shanmugam K.T. Evolution of D-lactate dehydrogenase activity from glycerol dehydrogenase and its utility for D-lactate production from lignocellulose. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Unit. States Am. 2011;108:18920-18925.
Not in our library10.1073/pnas.1111085108
330.
Non-sterilized fermentation of high optically pure d-lactic acid by a genetically modified thermophilic Bacillus coagulans strain · 2017
Not checked
331.
Aulitto M., Fusco S., Bartolucci S., Franzen C.J., Contursi P. Bacillus coagulans MA-13: a promising thermophilic and cellulolytic strain for the production of lactic acid from lignocellulosic hydrolysate. Biotechnol. Biofuels. 2017;10:210.
Not in our library10.1186/s13068-017-0896-8
332.
Ye L.D., Bin Hudari M.S., Li Z., Wu J.C. Simultaneous detoxification, saccharification and co-fermentation of oil palm empty fruit bunch hydrolysate for L-lactic acid production by Bacillus coagulans JI12. Biochem. Eng. J. 2014;83:16-21.
Not in our library
333.
Zhou X., Ye L., Wu J.C. Efficient production of l-lactic acid by newly isolatedthermophilic Bacillus coagulans WCP 10-4 with high glucose tolerance. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2013;97:4309-4314.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-013-4710-7
334.
Ye L., Zhou X., Hudari M.B., Li Z., Wu J.C. Highly efficient production of l-lacticacid from xylose by newly isolated Bacillus coagulans C106. Bioresour. Technol. 2013;132:38-44.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.011
335.
Zhang Y., Chen X., Luo J., Qi B., Wan Y. An efficient process for lactic acidproduction from wheat straw by a newly isolated Bacillus coagulans strainIPE22. Bioresour. Technol. 2014;158:396-399.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.128
336.
Garrett B.G., Srinivas K., Ahring B.K. Performance and stability of AmberliteTMIRA-67 ion exchange resin for product extraction and pH control during homolactic fermentation of corn stover sugars. Biochem. Eng. J. 2015;94:1-8.
Not in our library
337.
Xu K., Xu P. Efficient production of L-lactic acid using co-feeding strategy based on cane molasses/glucose carbon sources. Bioresour. Technol. 2014;153:23-29.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.057
338.
Ahring B.K., Traverso J.J., Murali N., Srinivas K. Continuous fermentation of clarified corn stover hydrolysate for the production of lactic acid at high yield and productivity. Biochem. Eng. J. 2016;109:162-169.
Not in our library
339.
Wang Y., Cao W., Luo J., Wan Y. Exploring the potential of lactic acid production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates with various ratios of hexose versus pentose by Bacillus coagulans IPE 22. Bioresour. Technol. 2018;261:342-349.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.135
340.
Chen H., Suc Z., Wang Y., Wang B., Si Z., Lu J., Su C., Rene W., Chen H., Cai D., Qin P. Lactic acid production from pretreated corn stover with recycled streams. Process Biochem. 2020;9:132-140.
Not in our library
341.
Dietz D., Schneider R., Papendiek F., Venus J. Leguminose green juice as an efficient nutrient for L(+)-lactic acid production. J. Biotechnol. 2016;236:26-34.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.07.008
342.
Jiang S., Xu P., Tao F. L-Lactic acid production by Bacillus coagulans through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of lignocellulosic corncob residue. Biores. Technol. Rep. 2019;6:131-137.
Not in our library
343.
Chen H., Huo W., Wang B., Wang Y., Wen H., Cai D., Zhang C., Wu Y., Qin P. L-lactic acid production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of dilute ethylediamine pre-treated rice straw. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2019;141:111749.
Not in our library
344.
Wang Y., Cao W., Luo J., Qi B., Wan Y. One step open fermentation for lactic acid production from inedible starchy biomass by thermophilic Bacillus coagulans IPE22. Bioresour. Technol. 2019;272:398-406.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.043
345.
Wang Y., Cai D., He M., Wang Z., Qin P., Tan T. Open fermentative production of L-lactic acid using white rice bran by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. 2015;198:664-672.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.010
346.
López-Gómez J.P., Alexandri M., Schneider R., Latorre-Sánchez M., Coll Lozano C., Venusa J. Organic fraction of municipal solid waste for the production of L-lactic acid with high optical purity. J. Clean. Prod. 2020;247:119165.
Not in our library
347.
Sakai K., Fujii N., Chukeatirote E. Racemization of L-lactic acid in pH-swingopen fermentation of kitchen refuse by selective proliferation of Lactobacillus plantarum. Journal of Bioscience and. Bioengineering. 2006;102:227-232.
Not in our library10.1263/jbb.102.227
348.
Li Y., Ruan R., Chen P.L., Liu Z., Pan X., Lin X., Liu Y., Mok C., Yang T. Enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover pretreated by combined dilute alkaline treatment and homogenization. Trans. ASAE. 2004;47:821.
Not in our library
349.
Patel M.A., Ou M.S., Ingram L.O., Shanmugam K. Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation of crystalline cellulose and sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate to lactate by a thermotolerant acidophilic Bacillus sp. Biotechnol. Prog. 2005;21:1453-1460.
Not in our library10.1021/bp0400339
350.
Hong A.A., Cheng K.K., Peng F., Zhou S., Sun Y., Liu C.M., Liu D.H. Strain isolation and optimization of process parameters for bioconversion of glycerol to lactic acid. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2009;84:1576-1581.
Not in our library
351.
Wang Y.Z., Li K.P., Huang F., Wang J.H., Zhao J.F., Zhao X., Garza E., Manow R., Grayburn S., Zhou S.D. Engineering and adaptive evolution of Escherichia coli W for L-lactic acid fermentation from molasses and corn steep liquor without additional nutrients. Bioresour. Technol. 2013;148:394-400.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.114
352.
Parra-Ramírez D., Martinez A., Cardona C.A. Lactic acid production from glucose and xylose using the lactogenic Escherichia coli strain JU15: experiments and techno-economic results. Bioresour. Technol. 2019;273:86-92.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.061
353.
Aso Y., Tsubaki M., Long B.H.D., Murakami R., Nagata K., Okano H., Dung N.T.P., Ohara H. Continuous production of D-lactic acid from cellobiose in cell recycle fermentation using b-glucosidase-displaying Escherichia coli. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2019;127:441-446.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.09.011
354.
Tian K., Chen X., Shen W., Prior B.A., Shi G., Singh S., Wang Z. High-efficiency conversion of glycerol to D-lactic acid with metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2012;11:4860-4867.
Not in our library
355.
Michel A., Koch-Koerfges A., Krumbach K., Brocker M., Bott M. Anaerobic growth of Corynebacterium glutamicum by mixed-acid fermentation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. AEM. 2015;2413-2415.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.02413-15
356.
Liu Y., Wen Z., Liao W., Liu C., Chen S. Optimization of the process for the production of L (+)-Lactic acid from cull potato by Rhizopus oryzae. Eng. Life Sci. 2005;5:343-349.
Not in our library
357.
Efremenko E.N., Spiricheva O.V., Veremeenko D.V., Baibak A.V., Lozinsky V.I. L (+)-Lactic acid production using poly (vinyl alcohol)-cryogel-entrapped Rhizopus oryzae fungal cells. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology: international Research in Process. Environ. Clean Technol. 2006;81:519-522.
Not in our library
358.
Ganguly R., Dwivedi P., Singh R. Production of lactic acid with loofa sponge immobilized Rhizopus oryzae RBU2-10. Bioresour. Technol. 2007;98:1246-1251.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2006.05.004
359.
Guo Y., Yan Q., Jiang Z., Teng C., Wang X. Efficient production of lactic acid from sucrose and corncob hydrolysate by a newly isolated Rhizopus oryzae GY18. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010;37:1137-1143.
Not in our library10.1007/s10295-010-0761-2
360.
Yu M.-C., Wang R.-C., Wang C.-Y., Duan K.-J., Sheu D.-C. Enhanced production of L (+)-lactic acid by floc-form culture of Rhizopus oryzae. J. Chin. Inst. Chem. Eng. 2007;38:223-228.
Not in our library
361.
Yamane T., Tanaka R. Highly accumulative production of L (+)-lactate from glucose by crystallization fermentation with immobilized Rhizopus oryzae. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2013;115:90-95.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.08.005
362.
Koutinas A.A., Malbranque F., Wang R., Campbell G.M., Webb C. Development of an oat-based biorefinery for the production of L (+)-lactic acid by Rhizopus oryzae and various value-added coproducts. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007;55:1755-1761.
Not in our library10.1021/jf0627120
363.
Zheng Y., Wang Y., Zhang J., Pan J. Using tobacco waste extract in pre-culture medium to improve xylose utilization for L-lactic acid production from cellulosic waste by Rhizopus oryzae. Bioresource Technology. 2016;218:344-350.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.071
364.
Zhao W., Huang J., Lv C., Hu S., Yao S., Mei L., Lei Y. pH stabilization of lactic acid fermentation via the glutamate 1 decarboxylation reaction: simultaneous production of lactic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid. Process Biochem. 2015;50:1523-1527.
Not in our library
365.
Phrueksawan P., Kulpreecha S., Sooksai S., Thongchul N. Direct fermentation of L (+)-lactic acid from cassava pulp by solid state culture of Rhizopus oryzae. Bioproc. Biosyst. Eng. 2012;35:1429-1436.
Not in our library10.1007/s00449-012-0731-3
366.
Pimtonga V., Ounaeba S., Thitiprasertb S., Toliengb V., Sooksaib S., Boonsombatb R., Tanasupawatc S., Assabumrungratd S., Thongchul N. Enhanced effectiveness of Rhizopus oryzae by immobilization in astatic bed fermentor for l-lactic acid production. Process Biochem. 2017;52:44-52.
Not in our library
367.
Wang Z., Wang Y., Yang S.T., Wang R., Ren H. A novel honeycomb matrix for cell immobilization to enhance lactic acid production by Rhizopus oryzae,. Bioresour. Technol. 2010;101:5557-5564.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2010.02.064
368.
Coban H.B., Demirci A. Enhancement and modeling of microparticle-added Rhizopus oryzae lactic acid production. Bioproc. Biosyst. Eng. 2016;39:323-340.
Not in our library10.1007/s00449-015-1518-0
369.
Sun J., Zhu J., Li W. L-(D) lactic acid production by Rhizopus oryzae using pretreated dairy manure as carbon and nitrogen source. Biomass Bioenergy. 2012;4(7):442-450.
Not in our library
370.
Zhang L., Li X., Yong Q., Yang S.-T., Ouyang J., Yu S. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation ofxylo-oligosaccharides manufacturing waste residue for l-lactic acidproduction by Rhizopus oryzae. Biochem. Eng. J. 2015;94:92-99.
Not in our library
371.
Vially G., Marchal R., Guilbert N. l(+) lactate production from carbohydratesand lignocellulosic materials by Rhizopus oryzae UMIP 4.77. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010;26:607-614.
Not in our library
372.
Ma X., Gao M., Yin Z., Zhu W., Liu S., Wang Q. Lactic acid and animal feeds production from Sophora flavescens residues by Rhizopus oryzae fermentation. Process Biochem. 2020;92:401-408.
Not in our library
373.
Trakarnpaiboon S., Srisuk N., Piyachomkwan K., Yang S.-T., Kitpreechavanich V. L-Lactic acid production from liquefied cassava starch by thermotolerant Rhizopus microsporus: characterization and optimization. Process Biochem. 2017;63(2017):26-34.
Not in our library
374.
Zhang Z., Jin B. L (+)-lactic acid production using sugarcane molasses and waste potato starch: an alternative approach. Int. Sugar J. 2010;112:17.
Not in our library
375.
A Weusthuis R., Mars A.E., Springer J., H Wolbert E.J., van der Wal H., de Vrije T.G., Levisson M., Leprince A., Houweling-Tan G.B., Moers A.P.H.A., A Hendriks S.N., Mendes O., Griekspoor Y., Werten M.W.T., Schaap P.J., van der Oost J., Eggink G. Monascus ruber as cell factory for lactic acid production at low pH. Metab. Eng. 2017;42:66-73.
Not in our library10.1016/j.ymben.2017.05.005
376.
Laud N., Rosso M.N., Fabre N., Crapart S., Herpoël-Gimbert I., Sigoillot J.C., Raouche S., Levasseur A. L-lactic acid production by Aspergillus brasiliensis overexpressing the heterologous ldha gene from Rhizopus oryzae. Microb. Cell Factories. 2015;14:66.
Not in our library10.1186/s12934-015-0249-x
377.
Dave K.K., Punekar N.S. Expression of lactate hehydrogenase in Aspergillus niger for L-lactic acid production. PloS One. 2015;10.
Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0145459
378.
Kim Y.S., Jang J.Y., Park S.J., Um B.H. Dilute sulfuric acid fractionation of Korean food waste for ethanol and lactic acid production by yeast. Waste Manag. 2018;74:231-240.
Not in our library10.1016/j.wasman.2018.01.012
379.
Gao M.-T., Shimamura T., Ishida N., Takahashi H. Fermentative lactic acid production with a metabolically engineered yeast immobilized in photo-crosslinkable resins. Biochem. Eng. J. 2009;47:66-70.
Not in our library
380.
Colombié S., Dequin S., Sablayrolles J. Control of lactate production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a bacterial LDH gene. Enzym. Microb. Technol. 2003;33:38-46.
Not in our library
381.
Ishida N., Saitoh S., Tokuhiro K., Nagamori E., Matsuyama T., Kitamoto K., Takahashi H. Efficient production of L-lactic acid by metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a genome-integrated L-lactate dehydrogenase gene. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2005;71:1964-1970.
Not in our library10.1128/aem.71.4.1964-1970.2005
382.
Ishida N., Saitoh S., Onishi T., Tokuhiro K., Nagamori E., Kitamoto K., Takahashi H. The effect of pyruvate decarboxylase gene knockout in Saccharomyces cerevisiae on L-lactic acid production. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2006;70:1148-1153.
Not in our library10.1271/bbb.70.1148
383.
Ishida C., Aranda C., Valenzuela L., Riego L., DeLuna A., Recillas-Targa F., Filetici P., López-Revilla R., González A. The UGA3-GLT1 intergenic region constitutes a promoter whose bidirectional nature is determined by chromatin organization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Microbiol. 2006;59:1790-1806.
Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05055.x
384.
Lee J.Y., Kang C.D., Lee S.H., Park Y.K., Cho K.M. Engineering cellular redox balance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for improved production of L-lactic acid. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112:751-758.
Not in our library10.1002/bit.25488
385.
Yamada R., Wakita K., Mitsui R., Ogino H. Enhanced D-lactic acid production by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae following optimization of the global metabolic pathway. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114:2075-2084.
Not in our library10.1002/bit.26330
386.
Miller M., Suominen P., Aristidou A., Hause B.M., Van Hoek P., Dundon C.A. Lactic acid-producing yeast cells having nonfunctional L-or D-lactate: ferricytochrome C oxidoreductase cells. Google Patents. 2012.
Not in our library
387.
Dundon C.A., Suominen P., Aristidou A., Rush B.J., Koivuranta K., Hause B.M., McMullin T.W., Roberg-Perez K. Yeast cells having disrupted pathway from dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol. Google Patents. 2009.
Not in our library
388.
Tamakawa H., Ikushima S., Yoshida S. Efficient production of L-lactic acid from xylose by a recombinant Candida utilis strain. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2012;113:73-75.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.09.002
389.
Ilmén M., Koivuranta K., Ruohonen L., Rajgarhia V., Suominen P., Penttilä M. Production of L-lactic acid by the yeast Candida sonorensis expressing heterologous bacterial and fungal lactate dehydrogenases. Microb. Cell Factories. 2013;12:53.
Not in our library10.1186/1475-2859-12-53
390.
Hou Q., He Q., Liu G., Lu X., Zong H., Chen W., Zhuge B. Identification and application of novel low pH-inducible promoters for lactic acid production in the tolerant yeast Candida glycerinogenes. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2019;128:8-12.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.01.005
391.
Bae J.-H., Kim H.-J., Kim M.-J., Sung B.H., Jeon J.-H., Kim H.-S., Jin Y.-S., Kweon D.-H., Sohn J.-H. Direct fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke tuber powder for production of L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid by metabolically engineered Kluyveromyces Marxianus. J. Biotechnol. 2018;266:27-33.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.001
392.
Kong X., Zhang B., Hua Y., Zhu Y., Li W., Wang D., Hong J. Efficient L-lactic acid production from corncob residue using metabolically engineered thermo-tolerant yeast. Bioresour. Technol. 2019;273:220-230.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.018
393.
Pavlovich S.S., Mikhajlovic V.M., Vladimirovich J.T., Aleksandrovich R.J., Isaakovna R.E., Georgievna T.N., Aleksandrovna V.M., Mikhajlovna A.A., Georgievich D.V. Method for Microbiological Synthesis of Lactic Acid and Recombinant Strain of Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe for its Realization. 2006.
Not in our library
394.
Metabolic engineering of Schizosaccharomyces pombe via CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing for lactic acid production from glucose and cellobiose · 2017
Not checked
395.
Yamada R., Wakita K., Mitsui R., Ogino H. Enhanced D-lactic acid production by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae following optimization of the global metabolic pathway. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114:2075-2084.
Not in our library10.1002/bit.26330
396.
Baek S.H., Kwon E.Y., Kim Y.H., Hahn J.S. Metabolic engineering and adaptive evolution for efficient production of d-lactic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2016;100:2737-2748.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-015-7174-0
397.
Varman A.M., Yu Y., You L., Tang Y.J. Photoautotrophic production of D-lactic acid in an engineered cyanobacterium. Microb. Cell Factories. 2013;12:117.
Not in our library10.1186/1475-2859-12-117
398.
Li J., Zhang W., Li X., Ye T., Gan Y., Zhang A., Chen H., Xue G., Liu Y. Production of lactic acid from thermal pretreated food waste through the fermentation of waste activated sludge: effects of substrate and thermal pretreatment temperature. Bioresour. Technol. 2018;247:890-896.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.186
399.
Akao S., Tsuno H., Cheon J. Semi-continuous L-lactate fermentation of garbage without sterile condition and analysis of the microbial structure. Water Resour. 2007;41:1774-1780.
Not in our library10.1016/j.watres.2007.01.013
400.
Itoh Y., Tada K., Kanno T., Horiuchi J.I. Selective production of lactic acid in continuous anaerobic acidogenesis by extremely low pH operation. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2012;114:537-539.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.05.020
401.
Kim D.H., Lim W.T., Lee M.K., Kim M.S. Effect of temperature on continuous fermentative lactic acid (LA) production and bacterial community, and development of LA-producing UASB reactor. Bioresour. Technol. 2012;119:355-361.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.027
402.
Maeda T., Yoshimura T., Shimazu T., Shirai Y., Ogawa H.I. Enhanced production of lactic acid with reducing excess sludge by lactate fermentation. J. Hazard Mater. 2009;168:656-663.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.067
403.
Sun Y., Xu Z., Zheng Y., Zhou J., Xiu Z. Efficient production of lactic acid from sugarcane molasses by a newly microbial consortium CEE-DL15. Process Biochem. 2019;81:132-138.
Not in our library
404.
Tang J., Wang X.C., Hu Y., Zhang Y., Li Y. Effect of pH on lactic acid production from acidogenic fermentation of food waste with different types of inocula. Bioresour. Technol. 2017;224:544-552.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.111

Cited by papers we hold 1

Poly(lactic Acid): A Versatile Biobased Polymer for the Future with Multifunctional Properties—From Monomer Synthesis, Polymerization Techniques and Molecular Weight Increase to PLA Applications · 2021
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