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Exceso de peso y riesgo cardiometabólico en docentes de una universidad de Lima: oportunidad para construir entornos saludables

Juan Morales, Hernán Matta, José Fuentes-Rivera and 4 more

Educación Médica · 2018

doi:10.1016/j.edumed.2017.08.003 (opens in a new tab)

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Abstract

Resumen: Introducción: La mortalidad global debido a las enfermedades no transmisibles es alta y creciente. En el Perú representa el 66% de las muertes. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de obesidad y sobrepeso, y evaluar el riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal desarrollado entre julio y noviembre de 2016; los participantes fueron docentes de una universidad privada de Lima Norte. Para determinar el sobrepeso y obesidad se empleó el índice de masa corporal; el riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico se evaluó con el perímetro abdominal y el riesgo de diabetes mellitus se determinó mediante el cuestionario FINDRISC. Resultados: De los 164 docentes participantes el 51,8% (n = 85) tenían menos de 45 años, el 73,2% (n = 120) fueron varones, el 3% (n=5) tenían antecedente de hipertensión arterial y el 5,5% (n = 9) diabetes mellitus, el 47,6% (n = 78) tenían sobrepeso y el 31,1% (n = 51) obesidad. Excluyendo los antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus, el nivel de riesgo cardiovascular fue alto en el 32,7% (n = 49), muy alto en el 42% (n = 63), con diferencias significativas entre géneros (p = 0,001). En cuanto al riesgo de adquirir diabetes mellitus, en el 36,7% (n = 55) fue discretamente elevado, en el 12,7% (n = 19) moderado, en el 5,3% (n = 8) alto y en el 0,7% (n = 1) muy alto, sin diferencias significativas entre géneros (p = 0,568). Conclusiones: En los docentes universitarios existe una alta frecuencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, presentan alto riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico. Se requiere fortalecer la promoción de los estilos de vida saludables, principalmente en el consumo de alimentos saludables y el aumento de la actividad física. Abstract: Introduction: Global mortality due to noncommunicable diseases is high and increasing. In Peru it represents 66% of the deaths. Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of obesity and overweight, and to evaluate cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study developed between July and November of 2016, the participants were faculty members of a private university located in the northern area of Lima. To determine the overweight and obesity was used the body mass index; cardiovascular and metabolic risks were assessed with the abdominal perimeter; and the risk of diabetes mellitus was determined using the FINDRISC questionnaire. Results: Of the 164 participating teachers, 51.8% (n = 85) were less than 45 years old, 73.2% (n = 120) were males, 3% (n = 5) had a history of hypertension and 5.5% (n = 9) diabetes mellitus, 47.6% (n = 78) were overweight and 31.1% (n = 51) were obese. Excluding the history of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the level of cardiovascular risk was high in 32.7% (n = 49), very high in 42% (n = 63), with significant differences between genders (P =.001). Regarding the risk of developing diabetes mellitus, in 36.7% (n = 55) it was slightly elevated, 12.7% (n = 19) moderate, 5.3% (n = 8) high, 0.7% (n = 1) very high, without significant differences between genders (P =.568). Conclusions: Among faculty members there are a high frequency of overweight and obesity, and present high cardiovascular and metabolic risk. It is necessary to strengthen the promotion of healthy lifestyles mainly in the consumption of healthy foods and the increase of the physical activity. Palabras clave: Obesidad, Sobrepeso, Enfermedades cardiovasculares, Diabetes mellitus, Docentes, Perú, Keywords: Obesity, Overweight, Cardiovascular diseases, Diabetes mellitus, Faculty, Peru

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC

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