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Nucleation and growth of brushite crystals on the graphene sheets applicable in bone cement

Hassan Nosrati, Dang Quang Svend Le, Reza Zolfaghari Emamehc and 2 more

Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio · 2022

doi:10.1016/j.bsecv.2020.05.001 (opens in a new tab)

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Abstract

Since recent research indicates that the addition of graphene increases the mechanical and biological properties of calcium phosphates simultaneously, graphene oxide (GO) was used in this research to enhance the properties of brushite cement. The main objective of this study is to investigate the mechanism of nucleation and growth of brushite crystals on GO sheets. Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and diammonium hydrogenphosphate were used as calcium and phosphate precursors. The brushite chemical precipitation method on graphene sheets was used in this study and computer-assisted modeling was used to understand the process. The results of this study showed that the hybrid powders contained brushite and GO. Brushite crystals were grown after nucleation in proportion to the three main planes containing (020), (121¯), and (141). The final particles were plate shaped. The results of setting time tests showed that increasing the GO% decreases the setting time and this trend continues with an increasing amount of GO. The results of the mechanical evaluation showed that increasing the GO by up to 2% increased the mechanical properties and more than that decreased the mechanical properties. Resumen: Estudios recientes muestran una mejora de las propiedades mecánicas y biológicas de los fosfatos de calcio con la adición de grafeno. En este trabajo, el óxido de grafeno (GO) se propone para mejorar las propiedades de cementos de composición brushita. El principal objetivo es estudiar el mecanismo de nucleación de cristales de brushita sobre láminas de grafeno. Como precursores de calcio y fosfato se han usado nitrato cálcico tetrahidratado e hidrogenofosfato amónico. Para comprender el proceso se ha usado el método de precipitación química de la brushita sobre láminas de grafeno, y la modelización asistida por ordenador. Los resultados mostraron que el producto de síntesis consistía en un polvo híbrido que contenía brushita y GO. Los cristales de brushita crecieron, tras su nucleación, a lo largo de los planos principales (020), (121¯) y (141). Las partículas resultantes tienen morfología de plaquetas. Las medidas de los tiempos de endurecimiento mostraron que el aumento en GO disminuye el tiempo de endurecimiento. En cuanto al estudio de las propiedades mecánicas reveló que el incremento en GO, hasta del 2%, mejora las propiedades mecánicas para disminuir una vez se excede dicha cantidad.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

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