The Immune System, Cytokines, and Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental condition characterized by variable impairments in communication and social interaction as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Heterogeneity of presentation is a hallmark. Investigations of immune system problems in ASD, including aberrations in cytokine profiles and signaling, have been increasing in recent times and are the subject of ongoing interest. With the aim of establishing whether cytokines have utility as potential biomarkers that may define a subgroup of ASD, or function as an objective measure of response to treatment, this review summarizes the role of the immune system, discusses the relationship between the immune system, the brain, and behavior, and presents previously-identified immune system abnormalities in ASD, specifically addressing the role of cytokines in these aberrations. The roles and identification of biomarkers are also addressed, particularly with respect to cytokine profiles in ASD.

Cited by papers we hold 5

• Immune Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Do We Know about It? · 2022
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• Signalling pathways in autism spectrum disorder: mechanisms and therapeutic implications · 2022
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• Oxidative Stress and Immune System Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders · 2020
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• Inflammation and Neuro-Immune Dysregulations in Autism Spectrum Disorders · 2018
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• Fragile X-Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (FXAND) · 2018
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