Application of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: An Overview

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a new technical discipline that uses computer technology to research and develop the theory, method, technique, and application system for the simulation, extension, and expansion of human intelligence. With the assistance of new AI technology, the traditional medical environment has changed a lot. For example, a patient’s diagnosis based on radiological, pathological, endoscopic, ultrasonographic, and biochemical examinations has been effectively promoted with a higher accuracy and a lower human workload. The medical treatments during the perioperative period, including the preoperative preparation, surgical period, and postoperative recovery period, have been significantly enhanced with better surgical effects. In addition, AI technology has also played a crucial role in medical drug production, medical management, and medical education, taking them into a new direction. The purpose of this review is to introduce the application of AI in medicine and to provide an outlook of future trends.

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     Ramezani R, Zhang W, Xie Z, et al. A Combination of Indoor Localization and Wearable Sensor-Based Physical Activity Recognition to Assess Older Patients Undergoing Subacute Rehabilitation: Baseline Study Results. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2019;7(7):e14090.

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     Bajorath J, Kearnes S, Walters WP, et al. Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery: Into the Great Wide Open. J Med Chem. 2020;63(16):8651-8652.

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     Brown N, Ertl P, Lewis R, et al. Artificial intelligence in chemistry and drug design. J Comput Aided Mol Des. 2020;34(7):709-715.

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     Zhavoronkov A. Medicinal Chemists versus Machines Challenge: What Will It Take to Adopt and Advance Artificial Intelligence for Drug Discovery? J Chem Inf Model. 2020;60(6):2657-2659.

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     Russo G, Reche P, Pennisi M, et al. The combination of artificial intelligence and systems biology for intelligent vaccine design. Expert Opin Drug Discov, 2020:1–15

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     Fernandez A. Artificial Intelligence Teaches Drugs to Target Proteins by Tackling the Induced Folding Problem. Mol Pharm. 2020;17(8):2761-2767.

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     Liang G, Fan W, Luo H, et al. The emerging roles of artificial intelligence in cancer drug development and precision therapy. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;128:110255.

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     Takakusagi Y, Takakusagi K, Sakaguchi K, et al. Phage display technology for target determination of small-molecule therapeutics: an update. Expert Opin Drug Discov, 2020:1–13

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     Awad A, Fina F, Goyanes A, et al. 3D printing: Principles and pharmaceutical applications of selective laser sintering. Int J Pharm. 2020;586:119594.

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     Pandey M, Choudhury H, Fern J, et al. 3D printing for oral drug delivery: a new tool to customize drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2020;10(4):986-1001.

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     Tsintavi E, Rekkas DM, Bettini R. Partial tablet coating by 3D printing. Int J Pharm. 2020;581:119298.

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     Cheng N, Kuo A. Using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Networks to Predict Emergency Department Wait Time. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2020;272:199-202.

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     Nas S, Koyuncu M. Emergency Department Capacity Planning: A Recurrent Neural Network and Simulation Approach. Comput Math Methods Med. 2019;2019:4359719.

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     Saab A, Saikali M, Lamy JB. Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Classifying Adverse-Event Related 30-Day Hospital Readmissions: Potential Implications for Patient Safety. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2020;272:51-54.

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     Analysis and prediction of unplanned intensive care unit readmission using recurrent neural networks with long short-term memory. · 2019

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     Wu D, Xiang Y, Wu X, et al. Artificial intelligence-tutoring problem-based learning in ophthalmology clerkship. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(11):700.

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     Yang YY, Shulruf B. Expert-led and artificial intelligence (AI) system-assisted tutoring course increase confidence of Chinese medical interns on suturing and ligature skills: prospective pilot study. J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:7.

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     The Virtual Operative Assistant: An explainable artificial intelligence tool for simulation-based training in surgery and medicine · 2020

     No notice
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     Dekker I, De Jong EM, Schippers MC, et al. Optimizing Students’ Mental Health and Academic Performance: AI-Enhanced Life Crafting. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1063.

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     Bertin H, Huon JF, Praud M, et al. Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy training on mandibular 3-dimensional printed models for maxillofacial surgical residents. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;58(8):953-958.

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     Bohl MA, McBryan S, Pais D, et al. The Living Spine Model: A Biomimetic Surgical Training and Education Tool. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2020;19(1):98-106.

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     Sappenfield JW, Smith WB, Cooper LA, et al. Visualization Improves Supraclavicular Access to the Subclavian Vein in a Mixed Reality Simulator. Anesth Analg. 2018;127(1):83-89.

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     Vaishya R, Javaid M, Khan IH, et al. Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(4):337-339.

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     Zhang HT, Zhang JS, Zhang HH, et al. Automated detection and quantification of COVID-19 pneumonia: CT imaging analysis by a deep learning-based software. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2020;47(11):2525-2532.

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     Sakagianni A, Feretzakis G, Kalles D, et al. Setting up an Easy-to-Use Machine Learning Pipeline for Medical Decision Support: A Case Study for COVID-19 Diagnosis Based on Deep Learning with CT Scans. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2020;272:13-16.

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     Mashamba TP, Drain PK. Point-of-Care Diagnostic Services as an Integral Part of Health Services during the Novel Coronavirus 2019 Era. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020;10(7):449.

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     Mohanty S, Harun AR, Mridul M, et al. Application of Artificial Intelligence in COVID-19 drug repurposing. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(5):1027-1031.

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     Ke YY, Peng TT, Yeh TK, et al. Artificial intelligence approach fighting COVID-19 with repurposing drugs. Biomed J. 2020;43(4):355-362.

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     Kim J, Zhang J, Cha Y, et al. Advanced bioinformatics rapidly identifies existing therapeutics for patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):257.

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     Arash KA, Julia W, Milad S, et al. Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19 Drug Discovery and Vaccine Development. Front Artif Intell. 2020;3:65.

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     New machine learning method for image-based diagnosis of COVID-19 · 2020

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     Mali SN, Pratap AP. Targeting infectious Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications: Evidence based opinion. Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2021;21(4):475-477.

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