Embryonic origins of human vascular smooth muscle cells: implications for in vitro modeling and clinical application

Abstract

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) arise from multiple origins during development, raising the possibility that differences in embryological origins between SMCs could contribute to site-specific localization of vascular diseases. In this review, we first examine the developmental pathways and embryological origins of vascular SMCs and then discuss in vitro strategies for deriving SMCs from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We then review in detail the potential for vascular disease modeling using iPSC-derived SMCs and consider the pathological implications of heterogeneous embryonic origins. Finally, we touch upon the role of human ESC-derived SMCs in therapeutic revascularization and the challenges remaining before regenerative medicine using ESC- or iPSC-derived cells comes of age.

Cited by papers we hold 5

• Platelet-Derived Microvesicles Promote VSMC Dedifferentiation After Intimal Injury via Src/Lamtor1/mTORC1 Signaling · 2021
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• The role of vascular smooth muscle cells in the development of aortic aneurysms and dissections · 2021
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• Reconstitution of prospermatogonial specification in vitro from human induced pluripotent stem cells · 2020
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• Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in the tunica intima, media, and adventitia of coronary arteries: An updated review · 2019
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• Role of smooth muscle cells in vascular calcification: implications in atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness · 2018
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