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Monocyte heterogeneity and functions in cancer

Claire E Olingy, Huy Q Dinh, Catherine C Hedrick

Journal of Leukocyte Biology · 2019 · Review

doi:10.1002/jlb.4ri0818-311r

Abstract

Monocytes are innate immune cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system that have emerged as important regulators of cancer development and progression. Our understanding of monocytes has advanced from viewing these cells as a homogenous population to a heterogeneous system of cells that display diverse responses to different stimuli. During cancer, different monocyte subsets perform functions that contribute to both pro- and antitumoral immunity, including phagocytosis, secretion of tumoricidal mediators, promotion of angiogenesis, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, recruitment of lymphocytes, and differentiation into tumor-associated macrophages and dendritic cells. The ability of cancer to evade immune recognition and clearance requires protumoral signals to outweigh ongoing attempts by the host immune system to prevent tumor growth. This review discusses current understanding of monocyte heterogeneity during homeostasis, highlights monocyte functions in cancer progression, and describes monocyte-targeted therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.

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    Stotz M, Pichler M, Absenger G, et al. The preoperative lymphocyte to monocyte ratio predicts clinical outcome in patients with stage III colon cancer. Br J Cancer. 2014;110:435–440.

    Not in our library10.1038/bjc.2013.785

  116. 116.
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    Eo WK, Chang HJ, Kwon SH, et al. The lymphocyte‐monocyte ratio predicts patient survival and aggressiveness of ovarian cancer. J Cancer. 2016;7:289–296.

    Not in our library10.7150/jca.13432

  118. 118.

    Lu Y, Cai Z, Xiao G, et al. CCR2 expression correlates with prostate cancer progression. J Cell Biochem. 2007;101:676–685.

    Not in our library10.1002/jcb.21220

  119. 119.

    Krieg C, Nowicka M, Guglietta S, et al. High‐dimensional single‐cell analysis predicts response to anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy. Nat Med. 2018;9:2579.

    Not in our library10.1038/nm.4466

  120. 120.

    Schmall A, Al‐tamari HM, Herold S, et al. Macrophage and cancer cell cross‐talk via CCR2 and CX3CR1 is a fundamental mechanism driving lung cancer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191:437–447.

    Not in our library10.1164/rccm.201406-1137oc

  121. 121.

    Loberg RD, Ying C, Craig M, et al. Targeting CCL2 with systemic delivery of neutralizing antibodies induces prostate cancer tumor regression in vivo. Cancer Res. 2007;67:9417–9424.

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-1286

  122. 122.

    Leuschner F, Dutta P, Gorbatov R, et al. Therapeutic siRNA silencing in inflammatory monocytes in mice. Nat Biotechnol. 2011;29:1005–1010.

    Not in our library10.1038/nbt.1989

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    Pienta KJ, Machiels J‐P, Schrijvers D, et al. Phase 2 study of carlumab (CNTO 888), a human monoclonal antibody against CC‐chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Invest New Drugs. 2012;31:760–768.

    Not in our library10.1007/s10637-012-9869-8

  124. 124.

    Nywening TM, Wang‐Gillam A, Sanford DE, et al. Targeting tumour‐associated macrophages with CCR2 inhibition in combination with FOLFIRINOX in patients with borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a single‐centre, open‐label, dose‐finding, non‐randomised, phase 1b trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17:651–662.

    Not in our library10.1016/s1470-2045(16)00078-4

  125. 125.

    Bonapace L, Coissieux M‐M, Wyckoff J, et al. Cessation of CCL2 inhibition accelerates breast cancer metastasis by promoting angiogenesis. Nature. 2014;515:130–133.

    Not in our library10.1038/nature13862

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    Yu YRA, Fong AM, Combadiere C, Gao JL, Murphy PM, Patel DD. Defective antitumor responses in CX3CR1‐deficient mice. Int J Cancer. 2007;121:316–322.

    Not in our library10.1002/ijc.22660

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    Hyakudomi M, Matsubara T, Hyakudomi R, et al. Increased expression of fractalkine is correlated with a better prognosis and an increased number of both CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells in gastric adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15:1775–1782.

    Not in our library10.1245/s10434-008-9876-3

  128. 128.

    Park MH, Lee JS, Yoon JH. High expression of CX3CL1 by tumor cells correlates with a good prognosis and increased tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells in breast carcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2012;106:386–392.

    Not in our library10.1002/jso.23095

  129. 129.

    Jung K, Heishi T, Incio J, et al. Targeting CXCR4‐dependent immunosuppressive Ly6Clow monocytes improves antiangiogenic therapy in colorectal cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017;114:10455–10460.

    Not in our library10.1073/pnas.1710754114

  130. 130.

    Welford AF, Biziato D, Coffelt SB, et al. TIE2‐expressing macrophages limit the therapeutic efficacy of the vascular‐disrupting agent combretastatin A4 phosphate in mice. J Clin Invest. 2011;121:1969–1973.

    Not in our library10.1172/jci44562

  131. 131.

    Van Overmeire E, Stijlemans B, Heymann F, et al. M‐CSF and GM‐CSF receptor signaling differentially regulate monocyte maturation and macrophage polarization in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res. 2016;76:35–42.

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0869

  132. 132.
  133. 133.

    Aharinejad S, Paulus P, Sioud M, et al. Colony‐stimulating factor‐1 blockade by antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs suppresses growth of human mammary tumor xenografts in mice. Cancer Res. 2004;64:5378–5384.

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0961

  134. 134.

    DeNardo DG, Brennan DJ, Rexhepaj E, et al. Leukocyte complexity predicts breast cancer survival and functionally regulates response to chemotherapy. Cancer Discov. 2011;1:54–67.

    Not in our library10.1158/2159-8274.cd-10-0028

  135. 135.

    Pyonteck SM, Akkari L, Schuhmacher AJ, et al. CSF‐1R inhibition alters macrophage polarization and blocks glioma progression. Nat Med. 2013;2018:1264–1272.

    Not in our library10.1038/nm.3337

  136. 136.

    Ries CH, Cannarile MA, Hoves S, et al. Targeting tumor‐associated macrophages with Anti‐CSF‐1R antibody reveals a strategy for cancer therapy. Cancer Cell. 2014;25:846–859.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ccr.2014.05.016

  137. 137.

    Neubert NJ, Schmittnaegel M, Bordry N, et al. T cell‐induced CSF1 promotes melanoma resistance to PD1 blockade. Sci Transl Med. 2018;10.

    Not in our library10.1126/scitranslmed.aan3311

  138. 138.

    Zhu Y, Knolhoff BL, Meyer MA, et al. CSF1/CSF1R blockade reprograms tumor‐infiltrating macrophages and improves response to T‐cell checkpoint immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer models. Cancer Res. 2014;74:5057–5069.

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3723

  139. 139.

    Beffinger M, de Lara PT, Tugues S, et al. CSF1R‐dependent myeloid cells are required for NK‐mediated control of metastasis. JCI Insight. 2018;3:97792.

    Not in our library10.1172/jci.insight.97792

  140. 140.

    Quail DF, Bowman RL, Akkari L, et al. The tumor microenvironment underlies acquired resistance to CSF‐1R inhibition in gliomas. Science. 2016;352:aad3018.

    Not in our library10.1126/science.aad3018

  141. 141.

    Kumar V, Donthireddy L, Marvel D, et al. Cancer‐Associated fibroblasts neutralize the anti‐tumor effect of CSF1 receptor blockade by inducing PMN‐MDSC infiltration of tumors. Cancer Cell. 2017;32:654–668.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ccell.2017.10.005

  142. 142.

    June CH, Sadelain M. Chimeric antigen receptor therapy. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:64–73.

    Not in our library10.1056/nejmra1706169

  143. 143.

    Green DS, Nunes AT, David‐Ocampo V, et al. A phase 1 trial of autologous monocytes stimulated ex vivo with Sylatron ® (peginterferon alfa‐2b) and Actimmune ® (interferon gamma‐1b) for intra‐peritoneal administration in recurrent ovarian cancer. J. Transl. Med. 2018;16:196.

    Not in our library10.1186/s12967-018-1569-5

  144. 144.

    Norelli M, Camisa B, Barbiera G, et al. Monocyte‐derived IL‐1 and IL‐6 are differentially required for cytokine‐release syndrome and neurotoxicity due to CAR T cells. Nat Med. 2018;118:1.

    Not in our library10.1038/s41591-018-0036-4

  145. 145.

    Long AH, Highfill SL, Cui Y, et al. Reduction of MDSCs with all‐trans retinoic acid improves CAR therapy efficacy for sarcomas. Cancer Immunol Res. 2016;4:869–880.

    Not in our library10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0230

  146. 146.

    Dietrich J, Baryawno N, Nayyar N, et al. Bone marrow drives central nervous system regeneration after radiation injury. J Clin Invest. 2018;128:281–293.

    Not in our library10.1172/jci90647

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