Breakthroughs in deep tumour penetrating nano‐phototheranostics for tumour ablation

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which leverages reactive oxygen species to eliminate cancer cells, offers a promising alternative to conventional cancer treatments.By utilising light-activated photosensitizers (PSs), PDT achieves precise tumour targeting while minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissues.This targeted approach positions PDT as a potential replacement for surgery and radiation therapy in selected cases.However, the clinical utility of PDT in managing solid tumours remains constrained by several critical challenges, including suboptimal tumour accumulation and limited penetration of PSs into tumour tissues. 1 These barriers often lead to incomplete tumour remission, rendering PDT less effective compared to traditional therapies.Addressing these limitations requires innovative PS delivery systems to enhance the performance of PDT.Nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery systems have emerged as a promising approach to overcome these obstacles.By leveraging their unique properties, NPs can improve the solubility, stability and tumour selectivity of PSs.However, NP-based approaches often fail to achieve satisfactory outcomes due to poor penetration of NPs into tumour tissues. 2 Overcoming these challenges requires innovative tumourtargeted delivery systems that enhance both the specificity and penetrability of NPs. THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF NANO-PHOTOTHERANOSTICS FOR IMAGE-GUIDED PHOTOTHERAPYOur recent study introduced photobleaching-mediated charge-convertible zwitterionic near-infrared NPs (P-Min-Jun Baek and Sang Min Lee contributed equally to this work.

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   How promising is phototherapy for cancer? · 2020

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